Scopolamine, tseem hu ua L-asparagine, yog ib hom alkaloid hauv Solanaceae. Xyoo 1892, e. Schmidt thawj zaug cais tawm ntawm nws. Cov nyhuv zoo ib yam li atropine. Nws mydriasis thiab inhibition ntawm qog secretion muaj zog tshaj atropine. Nws muaj cov nyhuv stimulating ntawm qhov chaw ua pa, tab sis muaj qhov pom tseeb inhibitory nyhuv ntawm lub paj hlwb cortex. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj muaj cov teebmeem ntawm dilating capillaries, txhim kho microcirculation, thiab tiv thaiv seasickness. Nws muaj kev txhim kho ntawm muscarinic receptor antagonist.it exerts nws cov kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua raws li kev sib tw antagonist hauv muscarinic acetylcholine receptors; Yog li ntawd, nws yog cais raws li anticholinergic thiab antimuscarinic. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj ntawm anisodamine alkaloids artificially tsim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm muscarinic receptor antichemical tus neeg sawv cev. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj yog Solanaceae nroj tsuag, tianxianzi, Datura, thiab lwm yam. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj muaj tshuaj lom heev, nws tau txawm siv los ua txhaum cai; Muaj txawm tias lub npe menyuam yaus "dab ntxwg nyoog ua tsis taus pa," tab sis vim nws qhov xwm txheej raws li acetylcholine inhibitor, nws tuaj yeem siv raws li kev cai lij choj, daim ntawv thov kev kho mob hauv me me; Piv txwv li, postauricular thaj ua rau thaj rau kev kho mob ntawm carickness, postoperative xeev siab, chim siab plob tsis so tswj syndrome, gastrointestinal spasm, raum los yog biliary spasm, thiab preoperative tswj kom txo tau cov pa secretions.
Nws yog ib qho alkaloid nrog cov tshuaj muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv belladonna. Nws tuaj yeem siv los thaiv cov hlab ntsha parasympathetic thiab ua ib qho inhibitor ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb. Nws cov khoom zoo ib yam li belladonna, tab sis nws qhov cuam tshuam yog ruaj khov thiab luv luv. Nws cov hydrobromate feem ntau yog siv hauv kev kho mob. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau tshuaj loog, tshuaj loog, hnoos, thiab mob hawb pob. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev mob plab. Nws tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov nruj thiab tshee ntawm tus kab mob Parkinson.
Cov khoom no yog tertiary amine antimuscarinic tshuaj. Nws cov nyhuv feem ntau zoo ib yam li atropine thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw thiab ib puag ncig. Nws muaj cov nyhuv inhibitory ntau dua ntawm cov qaub ncaug ntau dua li atropine thiab feem ntau qeeb dua li ua rau lub plawv dhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov koob tshuaj me me. Nws qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw yog txawv ntawm atropine. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub paj hlwb cortex thiab ua rau qaug zog thiab tsis nco qab. Cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm ocular du nqaij thiab qog nqaij hlav muaj zog dua atropine. Cov khoom no yog cov tshuaj peripheral anticholinergic, uas muaj cov nyhuv antispasmodic ntawm cov leeg nqaij, blocks ganglion thiab paj hlwb hlws ris, thiab muaj qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov muag ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li atropine. Nws cov mydriasis, tswj cov tuag tes tuag taw, thiab inhibiting secretion yog ob zaug zog li atropine, tab sis lub sij hawm luv luv. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau atropine stimulating lub hlwb, cov khoom no qhia tau hais tias ib tug tseem ceeb sedative effect.it yog txwv tsis pub nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, myasthenia gravis, mob plawv mob, organic pyloric stenosis, gastrointestinal obstruction, reflux esophagitis, thiab ulcerative colitis lom megacolon. Cov tshuaj lom tuaj yeem cawm tau nrog cov tshuaj cholinergic thiab kho cov tsos mob.
Clinically, raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov nyhuv curative, cov nyhuv ntawm cov khoom tiav zoo ib yam li cov atropine. Nws cov mydriasis thiab qog inhibition nyhuv yog muaj zog tshaj li ntawm atropine. Nws muaj cov nyhuv stimulating ntawm qhov chaw ua pa, tab sis muaj qhov pom tseeb inhibitory nyhuv ntawm lub paj hlwb cortex. Ntxiv rau,ScopolamineKuj tseem muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev nthuav dav capillaries, txhim kho microcirculation, thiab tiv thaiv seasickness. Nws yog alkaloid rho tawm los ntawm Solanaceae honeysuckle, belladonna, thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag. Thaum siv hauv Ophthalmology, nws muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj lom ntau dua li lwm cov tshuaj anticholinergic, yog li nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los ua thawj qhov kev xaiv. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm uas zoo ib yam li atropine. Nws muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm bronchiectasis, tuaj yeem txo qhov tso pa tawm ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, txo qhov cuam tshuam, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau patency ntawm txoj hlab ntsws. Nws muaj ntau yam teebmeem, tuaj yeem txhim kho microcirculation, txo cov vasospasm, thiab yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho thiab rov ua kom rov ua pa ua pa.