Squaric acid, dawb rau beige granular siv lead ua, muaj zog acidity, pkl=1.5; pK2=3.5. Nrog ferric chloride, cov tshuaj aqueous ua rau cov ntshav liab. Nws tuaj yeem raug oxidized los ntawm bromine thiab poov tshuaj permanganate thiab tsis hnov mob nrog phenylhydrazine. Zoo li carboxylic acid nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nws muaj peev xwm yuav salted nrog alkali los tsim ester, acyl chloride, amide thiab sib tov anhydride. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua acylation reagent rau acylation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog lub nplhaib hluav taws xob ua kom muaj ntxhiab tsw. Nws reacts nrog active ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab methyl pawg los tsim cov tebchaw tshiab nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Nws yog npaj los ntawm 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3,3,4,4-tetrachlorocyclobutane lossis perchloric-1,3-butadiene.
Siv los ua acylation reagent rau acylation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog lub nplhaib hluav taws xob ua kom muaj ntxhiab tsw; React nrog active ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab nquag methyl pawg los tsim cov tebchaw tshiab nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua acylation reagent rau acylation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog lub nplhaib hluav taws xob ua kom muaj ntxhiab tsw. Nws reacts nrog active ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab methyl pawg los tsim cov tebchaw tshiab nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Nws yog siv los ua ib qho nruab nrab hauv kev sib txuas cov organic photoconductor, cov khoom siv ua kua siv lead ua kua, cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau cia thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob electrostatic photography lub teeb receptor.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm square cyanine dye nyob rau hauv protein labeling imaging: molecular imaging txoj kev tau sai heev los ua ib tug haib cuab tam rau kev tshawb fawb lom, tshuaj loj hlob thiab kev kuaj mob. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau cov hom phiaj ntuj thiab fluorescence imaging txoj kev thiab muaj kev xaiv thiab molecular imaging rhiab heev. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov ntaub so ntswg lossis cov duab ntawm tes hauv vivo, fluorescent dyes 'qhov siab tshaj plaws haum thiab emission yog nyiam nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ze-infrared vim hais tias thaj tsam no muaj kev cuam tshuam me me ntawm biomolecular, tsis tshua muaj fluorescence, cov ntaub so ntswg zoo, thiab tsis muaj phototoxicity rau cov hlwb. Vimsquaric acidtuaj yeem sau npe rau hauv cov proteins, nws plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho cov qog thiab warts.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm square cyanine dye nyob rau hauv cov qog marker kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob: nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam fluorescence imaging ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, ib tug ze-infrared fluorescent dye tuaj yeem hloov kho rau lub hom phiaj molecules uas paub txog cov receptors tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qog hlwb. Thaum siv rau kev kuaj mob thiab kho cov qog, qhov hloov kho ze-infrared sojntsuam yuav tsom rau cov ntaub so ntswg lossis qhov chaw uas mob qog noj ntshav nyob. Cov hom phiaj lub hom phiaj yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, qee cov polypeptide molecules. Nrog nws qhov tshwj xeeb, qhov rhiab heev ntawm kev kuaj pom fluorescence tau txhim kho zoo heev. Yog tias cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tuaj yeem kuaj pom nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav, nws yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txheeb xyuas cov qog nqaij hlav cancer los ntawm cov hlwb ib txwm thiab xaiv tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tseem yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Qee cov square cyanine dyes tau raug pov thawj los ua cov duab kos rau PDT (photodynamic therapy). PDT yog lub tshuab tshiab rau kev kuaj kab mob thiab kev kho mob siv cov teebmeem photodynamic. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tsim cov tshuaj lom thiab cov pa oxygen reactive nyob rau hauv lub excitation ntawm sensitizer. Cov txheej txheem yog tias covsquaric acidabsorbed los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg yog zoo siab nyob rau hauv lub irradiation ntawm lub excitation teeb ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb wavelength. Cov photosensitizer kis lub zog rau cov pa oxygen nyob ib puag ncig los tsim kom muaj cov pa oxygen uas muaj zog heev. Lub singlet oxygen reacts nrog cov kab mob lom macromolecules uas nyob ib sab los tsim cytotoxicity, uas ua rau lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm tes thiab ua rau cov cell tuag.