10-HDA(txuas:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/10-hda-cas-14113-05-4.html), tseem hu ua 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, yog ib txwm tshwm sim polyunsaturated fatty acid nrog cov tshuaj formula C10H18O2. Nws yog ib qho organic compound nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab hydroxyl functional pawg, uas muaj qee cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb thiab cov dej num lom neeg. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog glycerides hauv cov kua mis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog palmitic glycerides. Yog li ntawd, nws kuj tau siv dav hauv cov menyuam mos mis hmoov thiab lwm yam khoom siv mis nyuj ntxiv los muab cov khoom noj uas yuav tsum tau muaj los ntawm cov menyuam mos. Ntxiv rau, 10-HDA kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv qee cov nqaij nruab deg, xws li cod, shark thiab salmon. Hais txog daim ntawv thov, 10-HDA yog siv dav hauv cov khoom noj, tshuaj thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce. Hauv kev ua zaub mov, 10-HDA yog siv los tsim cov khoom noj xws li margarine, luv luv thiab ncuav qab zib, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov antioxidant thiab khaws cia cov khoom noj. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, 10-HDA tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov tshuaj nruab nrab thiab sib txuas lwm cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce, 10-HDA tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov tshuaj pleev ib ce xws li moisturizers thiab antioxidants.
10-HDA qauv:
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid yog unsaturated fatty acid uas nws cov qauv molecular muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab ib pawg carboxyl. Cov hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom xam ntawm nws cov qauv molecular:
Carbon Atoms: Cov molecule ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid muaj 10 carbon atoms, uas yog txuas ua ke los ntawm ib leeg thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus los tsim ib lub cev pob txha ntawm fatty acid. Qhov twg, pawg carboxyl muaj ib qho carbon atom thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus muaj ob lub atoms carbon.
Ob Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj: Ib daim ntawv cog lus ob zaug hauv cov molecule ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid yog nws daim ntawv cog lus tseem ceeb. Qhov ob daim ntawv cog lus no nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov thib kaum carbon atom thiab lub thib ob carbon atom ntawm fatty acid qaum, uas tso cai rau cov fatty acid muaj cis thiab trans isomers. Hauv lub xeev ntuj, 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid feem ntau siv cov kev teeb tsa trans.
Carboxyl: Cov pawg carboxyl nyob rau hauv cov molecule ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid nyob rau ntawm kaum carbon atom, uas muaj ib tug oxygen atom thiab ob carbon atoms. Carboxyl pawg tuaj yeem ua ke nrog hydrogen ions los tsim cov carboxyl ions tsis zoo, uas ua rau cov kua qaub me ntsis acidic.
Substituents: Tsis muaj lwm yam hloov pauv hauv molecule ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid.
Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov qauv molecular saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo dua cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov haujlwm lom neeg ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid. Piv txwv li, trans ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm fatty acid tuaj yeem tsim ib qho kev sib txuas ruaj khov nrog cov pa roj carbon atoms ntawm ob sab, uas pab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm fatty acid. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov acidity ntawm pawg carboxyl kuj ua rau cov fatty acid no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qee cov txheej txheem biochemical.
10-HDA cov khoom:
1. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Esterification: Cov pawg carboxyl ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cawv lossis phenols los ua cov tshuaj ester. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau xav tau kev koom tes ntawm cov catalysts xws li acid catalysts lossis cawv dehydrogenases. Esterification tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov dej solubility thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov tebchaw, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov khoom siv rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
Ua ntej, pawg carboxyl ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid dissociates rau hauv carboxyl ions nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob (1).
Tom qab ntawd, cawv los yog phenol (R-OH) dissociates rau hauv anion ntawm cawv los yog phenol nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob (2).
Tom ntej no, cov carboxyl ion ua ke nrog cov anion ntawm cawv los yog phenol los tsim ester (3).
Thaum kawg, ib qho proton (H ntxiv) raug tso tawm kom ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv esterification.
Qhov sib npaug tshuaj sib npaug yog:
C10H18O3 ntxiv rau R-OH → ester ntxiv H ntxiv
Ntawm no, 10-Hydro-2-decenoic acid sawv cev rau pawg carboxyl ntawm 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, thiab R-OH sawv cev rau cawv lossis phenol.
2. Amidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Cov pawg carboxyl ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ammonia los ua amides. Amidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab lwm cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg rau kev kho mob.
Ua ntej, pawg carboxyl ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid reacts nrog ammonia nyob rau hauv kev koom tes ntawm catalysts xws li acid catalyst los yog cawv dehydrogenase los tsim amide compounds.
Qhov sib npaug tshuaj sib npaug yog:
RCONHNH2 plus C10H18O3 → RCONHNH10-Hydro-2-Decenoate plus H2O
Ntawm lawv, R sawv cev rau pawg organic amine, NHNH2 sawv cev rau ammonia, thiab 10-Hydro-2-Decenoate sawv cev rau cov khoom lag luam uas pawg carboxyl ntawm 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid yog hloov los ntawm ib pawg amide.
3. Oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Cov unsaturated ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog oxygen los tsim peroxide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau xav tau kev koom tes ntawm cov catalysts xws li hlau catalysts lossis oxidants. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg xws li vitamin D.
Ua ntej, lub unsaturated ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid yog oxidized nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug haum oxidant los tsim cov cawv los yog aldehyde.
Qhov sib npaug tshuaj sib npaug yog:
C10H18O3 ntxiv rau oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev → khoom
Ntawm lawv, cov khoom nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv ntawm oxidant thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qee zaum, tus catalyst lossis tus txhawb nqa kuj yuav tsum tau los pab txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
4. Sulfonation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Cov carboxyl pawg ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog sulfuric acid lossis lwm cov sulfonic acids los tsim cov sulfonate compounds. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sulfonation tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov dej solubility thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov derivatives rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
Ua ntej, peb yuav tsum paub cov qauv qauv ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid:
Nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sulfonation yog qhia ib pab pawg sulfonic acid (-SO3H) mus rau ob daim ntawv sib koom ua ke.
Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb sulfonation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov nyuaj, suav nrog cov khoom nruab nrab xws li sulfonyl chloride thiab sulfonic anhydride.
Cov tshuaj sib npaug rau cov tshuaj sulfonation yog:
n C10H18O3 plus SO3 → n 10-Hydro-2-Decenylsulfonate plus (n-1) H2O
Ntawm lawv, n sawv cev rau qib ntawm sulfonation, uas yog, tus naj npawb ntawm sulfonic acid pawg.
C10H18O3 sawv cev rau sulfonated 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid, uas yog, ib yam khoom uas ib pawg sulfonic acid tau nkag mus rau hauv cov pa roj carbon ob npaug.
5. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv bromination: Ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog hydrogen bromide los tsim cov brominated fatty acid. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv bromination tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov brominated derivatives nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
Cov txheej txheem ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv bromination ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid thiab nws cov kev sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj muaj xws li hauv qab no:
Ua ntej, ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid ua ke nrog bromine atom nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm hydrogen bromide thiab catalyst los tsim brominated fatty acid.
Qhov sib npaug tshuaj sib npaug yog:
HBr plus C10H18O3 → Br2 plus 10-Hydro-2-Decenoate
Ntawm lawv, Br sawv cev rau bromine atom, thiab 10-Hydroxy-2-Decenoate sawv cev rau ib yam khoom uas cov carboxyl pawg ntawm 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid yog hloov los ntawm bromination.
6. Hydrogenation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Cov unsaturated ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov catalyst nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen los tsim saturated fatty acid. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrogenation tuaj yeem siv rau kev npaj cov derivatives ruaj khov lossis rau kev tsim khoom lag luam. 10-HDA yog unsaturated fatty acid uas muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrogenation yog qhov txo qis hydrogenation ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus rau cov alkanes sib raug.
Ua ntej, 10-Hydro-2-Decenoic Acid reacts nrog hydrogen nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm catalyst, thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus absorbs hydrogen atoms los tsim cov alkanes sib xws. Hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim nyog, xws li kub, kub siab, catalyst, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov sib npaug tshuaj sib npaug yog:
H2 plus C10H18O3 → 10-Hydrodecane plus HOOH
Ntawm lawv, H2 sawv cev rau hydrogen, C10H18O3 sawv cev rau 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, 10-Hydrodecane sawv cev rau cov khoom tom qab hydrogenation, thiab HOOH sawv cev hydrogen peroxide.
Thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, hydrogen peroxide yog ib tug by-product vim lub ob daim ntawv cog lus tsim thaum lub sij hawm hydrogenation. Peroxides muaj qee yam oxidizing zog thiab tej zaum yuav muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem hydrogenation tiag tiag, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kom txo tau cov cim ntawm peroxides thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrogenation.