Creatineyog tib neeg endogenous compound dav siv los ntawm cov neeg ncaws pob thiab cov neeg nyiam noj qab haus huv. Nws yog ib qho nitrogenous compound uas yog tsim los ntawm peb cov amino acids L-glycine, methylglycine thiab arginine. Creatine yog tsim los ntawm cov leeg hlwb hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab feem ntau khaws cia rau hauv cov leeg pob txha, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem ntxiv los ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg ntawm cov nqaij thiab ntses.
Creatine khaws cia li creatine hauv cov leeg, thiab nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov leeg nqaij metabolism. Creatine tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj zog ntawm cov leeg nqaij fibers, ua kom cov synthesis thiab rov tsim dua tus nqi ntawm ATP (adenosine triphosphate), thiab txhim kho lub zog tawg thiab kev ua siab ntev ntawm cov leeg. Yog li ntawd, Creatine muaj ntau yam kev siv nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.
1. Txhim kho lub zog ua haujlwm:
Creatine yog universally lees paub tias muaj zog cov leeg-tsim tus neeg sawv cev. Nws txhawb nqa kev txhim kho sai ntawm cov leeg nqaij los ntawm kev ua kom cov nqaij ATP reserves, ua kom cov leeg nqaij muaj zog ua ntej kev cob qhia, thiab ua kom cov leeg muaj zog cia. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev siv Creatine tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog ntawm kev cob qhia thiab txhim kho lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov leeg.
2. Ua kom cov leeg muaj zog:
Creatine nce hydration nyob rau hauv cov leeg nqaij, uas nyob rau hauv lem expands cov leeg nqaij thiab ua kom cov leeg ntim. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov neeg siv Creatine muaj cov leeg nqaij ntau dua thiab saturation dua li cov neeg uas tsis haus Creatine.
3. Txhim kho cov leeg mob thiab rov qab:
Creatine tuaj yeem txo cov leeg nqaij qaug zog, txo cov leeg nqaij rov qab, thiab txhim kho cov leeg nqaij ua haujlwm. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab cov nqaij ntshiv kom zoo dua qub, ua kom cov zaus thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev cob qhia.
4. Pab txo cov rog thiab zoo li:
Creatine tuaj yeem pab ua kom cov nqaij pob txha thiab nce metabolic, yog li pab lub cev hlawv ntau calories thiab rog. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias nyob rau hauv qhov tsim nyog tau txais, kev siv Creatine tuaj yeem ua kom lub cev glycogen tau zoo, txhim kho lub cev siv zog, txo cov rog hauv lub cev thiab cov leeg nqaij.
5. Txhim khu kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb:
Creatine yog ib txwm tshwm sim neuroprotectant. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev siv Creatine tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, txhim kho kev paub, kev kawm, kev nco thiab lwm yam peev xwm.
6. Txhim kho lub plawv noj qab haus huv:
Kev siv Creatine tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg ATP reserves, yog li txo qis myocardial puas thiab ischemia, txo cov ntshav lipids, thiab tiv thaiv kab mob plawv.
Feem ntau hais lus, Creatine, raws li ib tug tib neeg endogenous compound, yog ib qho kev pab zoo rau peb lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab nqaij noj qab haus huv. Los ntawm kev noj kom tsim nyog thiab kev siv, Creatine tuaj yeem pab peb txhim kho cov leeg nqaij, kev ua siab ntev thiab kev muaj peev xwm rov qab los, txhim kho lub cev kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev rog, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub hlwb thiab lub plawv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj mob lossis noj lwm yam tshuaj, nrhiav kev kho mob ua ntej siv Creatine.
Creatine (creatine) yog ib qho amino acid uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Nws muab lub zog phosphorylation uas xav tau rau cov leeg nqaij los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv phosphorylation, thiab tuaj yeem txhawb kev nce cov leeg nqaij thiab kev ua siab ntev. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev, Creatine kuj tseem muaj qee qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
1. Hydrolysis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Creatine tuaj yeem hydrolyzed rau hauv sarcosine thiab formaldehyde hauv dej (H2O). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis no feem ntau yog catalyzed los ntawm enzymes.
C4H9N3O2ntxiv H2O → Sarcosine ntxiv rau Formaldehyde
Tsis tas li ntawd, Creatine tuaj yeem ua rau hydrolyzed rau creatinine los ntawm acid catalysis.
C4H9N3O2ntxiv H2O plus Hntxiv→ Creatinine ntxiv rau NH4ntxiv
Creatinine (Creatine's metabolite) ntxiv rau H2O plus Hntxiv → C4H9N3O2
2. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation:
Creatine tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog qee cov oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm xws li potassium persulfate (K2S2O8thiab poov tshuaj permanganate (KMnO4). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no oxidizes Creatine rau Uric Acid thiab cov roj ammonia sib xws.
C4H9N3O2plus K2S2O8→ Uric Acid ntxiv rau NH3plus K2YOG4
C4H9N3O2plus KMnO4ntxiv H2YOG4→ Uric Acid ntxiv rau NH3plus MnSO4plus K2YOG4
3. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv degradation:
Creatine tuaj yeem degraded tag nrho rau hauv creatinine thiab formaldehyde nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej kub thiab muaj zog acid (xws li sulfuric acid).
C4H9N3O2+ H2SO4 → C4H9N3O2plus NH4ntxivntxiv H2O thiab formaldehyde
4. Solubility:
Creatine yog yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv dej, tab sis insoluble nyob rau hauv non-polar solvents xws li benzene thiab ether. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv dej, Creatine tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim dua, tab sis tsis yooj yim yaj hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj polar.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, Creatine, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv vivo tshuaj, muaj ntau yam reactive zog, xws li hydrolysis, oxidation, degradation, thiab solubility. Nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev siv tau raug kawm ntau dua thiab tau siv ntau yam xws li kev ua kis las, tshuaj thiab kev lag luam zaub mov.
Cov keeb kwm ntawm Creatine tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau xyoo 1832, thaum Fabkis kws tshuaj Michel-Eugene Chevreul nrhiav pom cov tshuaj tshiab hauv cov leeg nqaij thiab hu ua "Creatine (Creak)". Tom qab ntawd, German chemist Friedrich Wilhelm Kühne tau mus ib kauj ruam ntxiv thiab cais cov tshuaj sib txawv hauv cov leeg, uas nws hu ua "creatine phosphate." Hauv kev tshawb fawb tom qab, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom tias creatine thiab creatine phosphate hauv cov leeg muaj nyob hauv tib neeg thiab lwm yam tsiaj, ua rau nws tau txais kev kawm dav dav ntxiv.
Creatine tau yog ib qho khoom noj khoom haus nrov tshaj plaws rau cov kis las ncaws pob thiab cov neeg nyiam noj qab haus huv rau ntau xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov kev tshawb pom keeb kwm rov qab mus ntau dua yav dhau los.
Xyoo 1668, tus kws tshawb fawb German Johann Kunckel tau tshawb pom cov tshuaj hu ua "Kreatinin", uas tau muab los ntawm cov protein metabolites hauv tib neeg cov leeg. Ntau xyoo tom qab, German chemist Christoph Friedrich Ludwig nrhiav tau tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm lwm cov tshuaj hu ua "creatine" tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb.
Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1832 thiab 1847, ob tug lwm yam chemists sim cais creatine. Fabkis chemist Michel-Eugene Chevreul siv cov txheej txheem tshuaj qub los cais cov creatine los ntawm cov leeg los ntawm kev muab lawv rau hauv cov kua qaub. Nws sau tseg tias creatine muaj "cov tshuaj tib yam li uric acid," tab sis cov creatine molecule muaj cov qauv atomic sib txawv.
Nyob rau hauv 1847, tus naas ej Fabkis chemist Eugene-Melchior Peligot cais creatine los ntawm cov leeg nqaij ntawm cov ntses thiab kawm ntxiv txog cov khoom ntawm no compound.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th thiab pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, creatine yog ib zaug suav hais tias yog cov khoom pov tseg ntawm lub cev, tab sis nrog rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov leeg, cov kws tshawb fawb maj mam pom qhov tseem ceeb ntawm creatine.
Nyob rau xyoo 1960, Australian tus kws kho mob cev nqaij daim tawv Paul Greenhaff tau pom tias cov tsiaj txhu African nplua nuj xws li ntxhw thiab dev muaj creatine ntau dua li cov tsiaj nyob sab Europe carnivorous. Nws pom tau hais tias qhov ntau tshaj ntawm creatine nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj no tej zaum yuav yog vim li cas lawv cov leeg muaj zog ntau lawm. Hauv xyoo 1980, Greenhaff thiab ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau pib kawm txog kev siv creatine cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev ua si hauv kev ua si.
Los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb thaum ntxov no, cov kws tshawb fawb kev ua kis las thiab cov kws paub txog kev noj qab haus huv tau pib nkag siab tias Creatine nce cov leeg nqaij phosphocreatine (PCr) reserves, uas ua rau lub cev muaj zog siv zog ua haujlwm thiab cov leeg nqaij. Qhov no tau ua rau coob tus neeg pib siv cov khoom noj khoom haus creatine, uas tau dhau los ua ib qho kev nyiam tshaj plaws thiab tshawb fawb ntxiv.