L-valine(link:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/valine-powder-cas-72-18-4.html) yog ib qho ntawm nees nkaum protein amino acids. Los ntawm kev xav noj zaub mov, valine kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb amino acid. Lub npe lus Askiv Valine yog muab los ntawm Valerian, thiab Suav lub npe yog li ntawd kuj hu ua Valine. Nws cov codons yog GUU, GUA, GUC, thiab GUG. Nws yog nonpolar amino acid. Hauv hom mob ntshav qab zib hom kab mob, valine hauv hemoglobin hloov pauv hydrophilic amino acid glutamate: vim valine yog hydrophobic, hemoglobin tsis tuaj yeem quav kom raug. Valine yog cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo kiag li, thiab thaum nws cov saw saw tseem nyob nruab nrab, thiab cov nqi tsim los ntawm nws cov amino thiab carboxyl pawg yog sib npaug, cov molecule no hu ua zwitterion. Cov khoom noj uas muaj valine muaj xws li cheese dawb, ntses, nqaij qaib, nyuj, txiv laum huab xeeb, noob hnav, thiab lentils.
Synthesis L-valine
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua kom L-valine:
Txoj Kev 1:
Aminoisobutyl cawv yog npaj los ntawm isobutyraldehyde thiab ammonia, thiab ces reacted nrog hydrogen cyanide los tsim aminoisobutyronitrile. Thaum kawg, L-valine tau txais los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis. Cov hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab lawv cov kev sib npaug tshuaj:
1. Isobutyraldehyde thiab ammonia tsim aminoisobutanol:
React isobutyraldehyde nrog ammonia hauv cov kuab tshuaj tsim nyog thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los tsim cov aminoisobutyl cawv.
Cov tshuaj formula: (CH3) 2CHCHO ntxiv rau NH3 → (CH3) 2CHCH2OHNH2
2. Synthesis ntawm aminoisobutyronitrile los ntawm aminoisobutyl cawv thiab hydrogen cyanide:
React aminoisobutyl cawv nrog hydrogen cyanide nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob mus rau ib tug condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsim aminoisobutyronitrile.
Cov tshuaj formula: (CH3) 2CHCH2OHNH2 ntxiv rau HCN → (CH3) 2CHCH2CN ntxiv H2O
3. Hydrolysis ntawm aminoisobutyronitrile los tsim L-valine:
React aminoisobutyronitrile nrog cov tshuaj alkaline aqueous (xws li sodium hydroxide) kom tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis, tsim L-valine.
Cov tshuaj formula: (CH3) 2CHCH2CN ntxiv rau 2H2O → (CH3) 2CHCH2COOH ntxiv rau NH3
Txoj Kev 2:
Nws yog hydroxyisobutyronitrile synthesized los ntawm isobutyraldehyde thiab hydrogen cyanide, uas reacts nrog ammonia thiab hydrolyzes los tsim aminoisobutyronitrile.
Vim qhov tseeb hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ncaj qha ntawm isobutyraldehyde nrog hydrogen cyanide los tsim hydroxyisobutyronitrile yog qhov tsis ruaj khov thiab txaus ntshai, tsis muaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke. Hauv kev kuaj sim, lwm txoj hauv kev feem ntau yog siv los npaj hydroxyisobutyronitrile.
Pib los ntawm hydroxyisobutyronitrile, nws reacts nrog ammonia los tsim aminoisobutyronitrile, uas yog ces hydrolyzed kom tau L-valine. Cov nram qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws cov kauj ruam thiab tshuaj sib npaug ntawm txoj kev synthesis:
1. Synthesis ntawm hydroxyisobutyronitrile:
Siv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog (xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation) kom oxidize isobutyraldehyde rau hydroxyisobutyronitrile.
Cov tshuaj formula: (CH3) 2CHCHO + [O] → (CH3) 2C (OH) CN
2. Aminoisobutyronitrile reacts nrog ammonia los tsim aminoisobutyronitrile:
React hydroxyisobutyronitrile nrog ammonia los tsim cov aminoisobutyronitrile raws li qhov tsim nyog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Cov tshuaj formula: (CH3) 2C (OH) CN ntxiv rau NH3 → (CH3) 2CHCNH2
3. Hydrolysis ntawm aminoisobutyronitrile los tsim L-valine:
React aminoisobutyronitrile nrog cov tshuaj alkaline aqueous (xws li sodium hydroxide) kom tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis, tsim L-valine.
Cov tshuaj formula: (CH3) 2CHCNH2 ntxiv rau 2H2O → (CH3) 2CHCOOH ntxiv rau NH3
Txoj Kev 3:
Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua ncaj qha los ntawm isobutyraldehyde, sodium cyanide, thiab ammonium chloride, thiab tom qab ntawd hydrolyzed.
1. Nyob rau hauv cov dej tsis muaj dej thiab tsis muaj oxygen, isobutyraldehyde thiab sodium cyanide reacted los tsim isobutyronitrile, nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab zauv raws li hauv qab no:
CH3CH(CH3)CO+NaCN → CH3CH(CH3)CN+NaOCHO
2. React cov NaOCHO generated nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ammonium chloride los tsim N-carbamoyl L-valine, nrog rau cov kev sib npaug cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li nram no:
NH4Cl plus NaOCHO → N-carbamoyl L-valine plus NaCl plus H2O
3. Kho cov N-aminoacyl-L-valine tsim nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los nrog concentrated hydrochloric acid kom hydrolyze nws. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog:
Hydrolyzed khoom ntawm N-aminoacyl-L-valine ntxiv HCl ntxiv rau H2O → N-aminoacyl-L-valine ntxiv NaOH
4. Sib cais thiab ntxuav cov khoom siv hydrolysis uas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los kom tau L-valine.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm peb txoj kev saum toj no yog tag nrho 36 feem pua rau 40 feem pua. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua ke los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm isobutyraldehyde, sodium cyanide, thiab ammonium carbonate. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev no yog kwv yees li 49 feem pua. Kuj tseem muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm racemes, xws li hydrolysis nrog acyl DL amino acid enzymes, thiab kev sib cais siv tsis zoo soluble dawb amino acids thiab cov khoom acylated. Cov valerian amino acids uas tsim los ntawm fermentation yog tag nrho cov L-hom thiab tsis tas yuav optical sib cais. Cov hom siv rau fermentation yog Micrococcus glutamicum, Bacillus ammoniae, Escherichia coli, thiab Aerobacterium. Siv cov xov xwm xws li qabzib, urea, inorganic ntsev, thiab lwm yam.