2-Chloronicotinic acidmuaj ntau yam kev siv, suav nrog:
1. Siv los ua tshuaj nruab nrab: 2-Chloronicotinic acid yog ib qho tseem ceeb nruab nrab rau kev npaj ntau yam tshuaj, xws li tshuaj kho mob plawv thiab mob qog noj ntshav.
2. Siv los ua cov tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj tua kab ua ntej: 2-Chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem siv los ua tus thawj coj rau kev npaj tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj tua kab.
3. Siv los ua cov organic synthesis reagent: 2-Chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem siv los ua cov organic synthesis reagent, piv txwv li, los npaj cov tshuaj pyridine.
4. Siv los npaj cov ntaub ntawv organic photoelectric: 2-Chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem siv los npaj ntau yam organic photoelectric cov ntaub ntawv, xws li lub teeb-emitting diodes (LEDS), organic field-effect transistors (OFETS), thiab lwm yam.
Hauv luv luv, 2-Chloronicotinic acid muaj kev thov dav dav hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab, organic synthesis, cov ntaub ntawv photoelectric, thiab lwm yam.
2-Chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem ua ke los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
1. Chlorination ntawm 2-chloropyridine: 2-chloropyridine tuaj yeem tau los ntawm reacting 2-chloropyridine nrog hydrogen chloride.
2. Sodium hydroxide hydrolysis: 2-chloropyridine yog reacted nrog sodium hydroxide, thiab ces hydrolyzed nrog dej kom tau txais 2-chloropyridine sodium.
3. Acidification: 2-chloropyridyl acid tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm sodium 2-chloropyridyl acid nrog hydrochloric acid.
4. Oxidation: 2-chloropyridine-5-ib qho tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm 2-chloropyridinic acid nrog benzoyl peroxide.
5. Txo: 2-chloropyridine-5-acetic acid tuaj yeem tau los ntawm reacting 2-chloropyridine-5- ketone nrog sodium bisulfite thiab hydrogen.
6. Acidification: 2-chloropyridine-5-acetic acid hydrochloride tuaj yeem tau los ntawm reacting 2-chloropyridine-5-acetic acid nrog hydrochloric acid.
7. Deacetic acid: 2-chloropyridine-5-acetic acid hydrochloride yog reacted nrog sodium hydroxide kom tau txais 2-chloropyridine-5-carboxylic acid.
Yog li ntawd, txoj kev synthesis ntawm 2-Chloronicotinic acid yog raws li nram no:
2-chloropyridine → 2-chloropyridyl acid sodium → 2-chloropyridyl acid → 2-chloropyridyl-5-ib → 2-chloropyridyl-5-acetic acid → 2-chloropyridyl-5-acetic acid hydrochloride → 2-Chloronicotinic acid
Cov hauv qab no yog qhov chaw kuaj kev sib txuas ntawm 2-Chloronicotinic acid:
1. Chlorination ntawm 2-chloropyridine: nyob rau hauv qhuav cyclohexane, 2-chloropyridine yog dripped rau hauv concentrated hydrochloric acid, thiab ferrous chloride yog ntxiv raws li catalyst. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lim thiab ntxuav cov khoom nrog cyclohexane kom tau txais 2-chloropyridine.
2. Sodium hydroxide hydrolysis: ntxiv 2-chloropyridine thiab sodium hydroxide rau hauv dej, do thiab kub rau 80 degree C kom txog thaum ua tiav hydrolysis. Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov yog txias rau chav sov, lim thiab ntxuav nrog dej kom tau txais sodium 2-chloropyridylate.
3. Acidification: dissolve sodium 2-chloropyridylate hauv dej, ntxiv hydrochloric acid los kho pH rau acidity, thiab ces rho tawm nrog methyl chloride. Acidize cov organic theem nrog concentrated hydrochloric acid, lim cov khoom thiab ntxuav nrog dej kom tau txais 2-chloropyridyl acid.
4. Oxidation: dissolve 2-chloropyridyl acid nyob rau hauv ethanol, ntxiv benzoyl peroxide, thiab do rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm chav tsev kub rau 2 teev. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov khoom raug ntxuav nrog dej thiab ntxuav nrog ethanol kom tau txais 2-chloropyridine-5- ketone.
5. Kev txo qis: ntxiv 2-chloropyridine-5- ketone, sodium bisulfite thiab dej rau hauv lub raj mis tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd txhaj tshuaj hydrogen kom txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov khoom raug ntxuav nrog ethanol thiab ntxuav nrog dej kom tau txais 2-chloropyridine-5-acetic acid.
6. Acidification: dissolve 2-chloropyridine-5-acetic acid hauv ethanol thiab ntxiv hydrochloric acid rau acidification. Cov khoom raug ntxuav nrog ethanol thiab ntxuav nrog dej kom tau txais 2-chloropyridine-5-acetic acid hydrochloride.
7. Deacetic acid: ntxiv 2-chloropyridine-5-acetic acid hydrochloride thiab sodium hydroxide rau hauv dej, thiab cua sov thiab do. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ntxuav cov khoom nrog dej thiab ethanol kom tau txais 2-Chloronicotinic acid.
Cov hauv qab no yog qhov chaw kuaj kev sib txuas ntawm 2-Chloronicotinic acid:
1. Ntxiv 10.0 g ntawm 2-chloropyridine thiab 20 mL ntawm concentrated hydrochloric acid (37 feem pua) mus rau 500 mL round-bottomed flask nrog dej khov da dej, thiab sib tov tag nrho.
2. Ntxiv 40 mL ntawm cov dej sib cais nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, txuas ntxiv stirring rau 10 feeb, thiab ces centrifuge sib tov rau 15 feeb kom cais cov dej txheej thiab sau cov organic txheej mus rau hauv ib tug huv round-bottomed flask.
3. Ntxiv cov organic sib xyaw rau hauv ib lub khob huv huv 250 mL puag ncig hauv qab, ntxiv 50 mL ntawm 10 feem pua sodium hydroxide tov, thiab do rau 15 feeb.
4. Ntxiv 80 mL ntawm cov dej sib cais ntawm chav tsev kub thiab do rau lwm 5 feeb. Tom qab ntawd centrifuge qhov sib tov rau 15 feeb, cais cov dej txheej thiab sau cov organic txheej rau hauv lub khob huv huv hauv qab.
5. Evaporate cov txheej txheem organic uas tau khaws cia rau cov khoom seem los ntawm cov evaporator rotary thiab hloov mus rau 250 mL dej qab zib.
6. Ntxiv 25 mL ntawm absolute ethanol thiab 20 mL ntawm concentrated hydrochloric acid (37 feem pua) rau nws, thiab do kom txog thaum nws yog tag nrho tov.
7. Ntxiv 25 mL ntawm benzoyl ethyl peroxide nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, do rau 5 feeb, thiab ces kub ntawm 100 degree rau 6 teev.
8. Ntxiv 10 mL ntawm sodium bisulfite tov (10 feem pua) ntawm chav tsev kub, do rau 30 feeb, ces ntxiv 10 mL ntawm concentrated hydrochloric acid (37%), thiab kho cov pH rau acidic.
9. Centrifuge qhov sib tov rau 15 feeb, cais cov dej txheej thiab sau cov organic txheej rau hauv ib lub khob huv huv hauv qab.
10. Ntxiv 20 mL ntawm anhydrous ethanol thiab 10 mL ntawm concentrated ammonia nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab do kom txog thaum sib tov tag.
11. Centrifuge qhov sib tov rau 15 feeb, cais cov dej txheej thiab sau cov organic txheej rau hauv ib lub khob huv huv hauv qab.
12. Evaporate cov organic txheej uas tau khaws cia rau cov seem los ntawm cov evaporator teb, thiab ntxiv 20 mL dej thiab 5 mL ntawm concentrated hydrochloric acid (37 feem pua) rau acidification.
13. Ntxiv 40 mL ntawm cov dej sib cais ntawm chav tsev kub, do rau 5 feeb, thiab tom qab ntawd centrifuge qhov sib tov rau 15 feeb kom cais cov txheej dej thiab sau cov organic txheej rau hauv lub raj mis huv rau kev sib cais ntawm ethanol kom tau txais 2-Chloronicotinic kua qaub.