2-Chloronicotinic acidyog cov organic compound nrog cov tshuaj formula C6H4ClNO2, dawb crystalline los yog crystalline hmoov, uas yog yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv dej, txog 13.4 g / L, thiab kuj soluble nyob rau hauv ethanol, ether thiab acetone. 2-Chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem txo tau rau 2-chloropyridine, uas tuaj yeem tsim kev nyuaj nrog qee cov hlau ions (xws li Cu2 ntxiv , Fe3 ntxiv ). Nyob rau hauv cov kua qaub muaj zog, 2-chloronicotinic acid yuav raug cov tshuaj tsw qab nucleophilic hloov pauv, uas tuaj yeem alkylate nrog qee cov tshuaj los tsim cov khoom sib txuam alkyl derivatives. 2-Chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem siv los npaj ntau yam organic tebchaw, xws li tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov tshuaj heterocyclic, xws li pyrazoline, pyrazole, thiab lwm yam.
Txoj kev loj hlob zeem muag ntawm 2-Chloronicotinic acid nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej tseem yog qhov dav heev, feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov hauv qab no:
1. Daim ntawv thov teb nthuav dav:
2-Chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem siv los npaj ntau yam organic tebchaw, xws li tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj zawv plaub hau, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev txhim kho hauv zej zog thiab kev xav tau ntawm tib neeg ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, daim ntawv thov kev cia siab ntawm { {1}}chloronicotinic acid nyob rau hauv cov teb no yuav ntau thiab ntau dua.
2. Green synthesis:
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntsuab synthesis tau dhau los ua ib qho chaw kub hauv kev tshawb fawb tshuaj. 2-Chloronicotinic acid yog ib qho sib xyaw ua ke, thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm nws txoj kev sib xyaw ntsuab muaj qee qhov tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb ntau dua tuaj yeem ua tib zoo mloog rau cov txheej txheem ntsuab synthesis ntawm 2-chloronicotinic acid yav tom ntej.
3. Daim ntawv thov hauv biomedical teb:
Nrog rau kev txhim kho biotechnology thiab tshuaj, daim ntawv thov ntawm 2-chloronicotinic acid nyob rau hauv cov teb no kuj yuav tsum tau nthuav dav. Piv txwv li, 2-chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem siv los npaj qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qog thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem nqis peev hauv cov haujlwm no yav tom ntej.
4. Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv science:
2-Chloronicotinic acid kuj tseem siv tau los npaj qee cov tshuaj heterocyclic thiab cov khoom siv organic-inorganic hybrid. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, daim ntawv thov ntawm 2-chloronicotinic acid nyob rau hauv cov teb no kuj yuav tsum tau nthuav dav.
Hauv luv luv, 2-chloronicotinic acid muaj txoj kev loj hlob dav dav nyob rau yav tom ntej, thiab nws daim ntawv thov thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv ntau qhov chaw yuav ntau thiab ntau qhov tob.
2-Chloronicotinic acid (2-Chloronicotinic acid) yog ib qho pyridine derivative uas muaj chlorine atoms, uas muaj qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv, feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
1. Nucleophilic hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Cov tshuaj chlorine atom hauv 2-chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm nucleophilic reagents (xws li dej, cawv, amine, thiab lwm yam) los tsim cov khoom hloov pauv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog feem ntau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob.
2. Hlau ion complexation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Cov pawg carboxyl hauv 2-chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem tsim ib qho nyuaj nrog qee cov hlau ions (xws li Cu2 ntxiv, Fe3 ntxiv, thiab lwm yam). Cov complexes muaj qee qhov kev siv tus nqi hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic.
3. Txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
2-Chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem txo mus rau 2-chloropyridine. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj zog (xws li hydrogen, txhuas thiab boron).
4. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Alkylation:
2-Chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem raug alkylation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog qee cov alkylation reagents (xws li methyl iodine, tert-butyl bromide, thiab lwm yam) los tsim cov khoom sib txuam alkyl derivatives.
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, 2-chloronicotinic acid, raws li ib tug pyridine derivative uas muaj chlorine atoms, muaj tej yam tshuaj tiv thaiv zog thiab yuav siv tau los ua synthesize ntau yam organic tebchaw.
Txoj kev sib txuas ntawm 2-chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb kauj ruam, thiab ib qho ntawm cov kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav raug piav qhia hauv qab no:
1. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ethyl benzoate thiab hydrogen cyanide los npaj ethyl 2-amino-4-methoxybenzoate:
Ethyl benzoate thiab hydrogen cyanide tau tshwm sim hauv acetic acid kom tau ethyl 2-amino-4-methoxybenzoate.
2. Ethyl 2-amino-4-methoxybenzoate thiab acetic anhydride yog reacted nyob rau hauv anhydrous acetic acid los npaj ethyl 2-acetoxy-4-methoxybenzoate:
Ethyl 2-amino-4-methoxybenzoate tau tshwm sim nrog acetic anhydride hauv anhydrous acetic acid kom tau ethyl 2-acetoxy-4-methoxybenzoate.
3. Ethyl 2-acetoxy-4-methoxybenzoate tau npaj los ntawm reacting ethyl 2-acetoxy-4-methoxybenzoate nrog sodium benzyl bromide hauv DMF:
Ethyl 2-acetoxy-4-methoxybenzoate thiab sodium benzyl bromide tau tshwm sim hauv DMF kom tau ethyl 2-acetoxy-4-benzyloxybenzoate.
4. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm 2-acetoxy-4-benzyloxybenzoate thiab sodium hydroxide hauv THF los npaj 2-sodium hydroxide-4-benzyloxybenzoate:
Ethyl 2-acetoxy-4-benzyloxybenzoate thiab sodium hydroxide tau tshwm sim hauv THF kom tau ethyl 2-sodium hydroxide-4-benzyloxybenzoate.
2-Chloronicotinic acid yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm British chemist F Augustus Wright yog thawj zaug synthesized nyob rau hauv 1881. Nws tau txais lub precursor ntawm 2-chloronicotinic acid los ntawm reacting 3-amino-4-methoxybenzoic acid nrog acetic acid thiab ferrous chloride, thiab tom qab ntawd tau txais 2-chloronicotinic acid los ntawm acidolysis.
Thaum xyoo pua 20th, kev tshawb fawb ntawm 2-chloronicotinic acid tau maj mam tsim. Xyoo 1925, American chemists JH Kinter thiab JH Campbell thawj zaug tau tshaj tawm cov qauv thiab qee lub cev ntawm 2-chloronicotinic acid, xws li melting point thiab solubility. Tom qab ntawd, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau pib ua qhov kev tshawb fawb tob txog 2-chloronicotinic acid, suav nrog nws cov synthesis, tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev siv.
Hais txog kev siv, 2-chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem siv los npaj ntau yam organic tebchaw, xws li tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj. Piv txwv li, 2-chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog pyridinamide kom tau txais qee cov tshuaj tua kab. Tsis tas li ntawd, 2-chloronicotinic acid kuj tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov tshuaj heterocyclic, xws li pyrazoline, pyrazole, thiab lwm yam.
Hauv luv luv, 2-chloronicotinic acid muaj qee yam keeb kwm thiab qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv tshuaj.