4-Aminobenzonitrileyog ib qho kev siv nruab nrab hauv cov organic synthesis, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua kua thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab. Nws txoj kev siv hluavtaws muaj xws li:
1. Synthesis los ntawm ammonolysis txoj kev: 4-chlorobenzonitrile yog hydrolyzed nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub kom tsim tau 4-aminobenzonitrile los ntawm kev siv ammonia dej hauv ethanol rau catalyze.
Cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm yog raws li nram no:
(1) Nyhav 4-chlorobenzonitrile (10 g) nyob rau hauv lub melting point raj, thiab ntxiv ammonia dej (30 mL) thiab ethanol (100 mL).
(2) Muab cov sib tov sib xyaw, ntxiv sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (5 g), thiab hnov mob hauv chav sov li 24 teev.
(3) Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, kho tus nqi pH mus rau nruab nrab nrog hydrochloric acid (HCl) los ua ib qho precipitate.
(4) Lim cov dej nag thiab ntxuav nrog dej kom sau cov khoom lag luam.
(5) Ntxuav cov khoom siv nrog chloroform (CHCl3), lim thiab sau cov organic theem.
(6) Qhuav lub organic theem nrog anhydrous sodium sulfuric acid (Na2YOG4) thiab lim.
(7) Tshem tawm cov organic theem hnyav nrog lub evaporator rotary, thiab sau 4-aminobenzonitrile.
Qhov kawg tau txais 4-aminobenzonitrile tuaj yeem siv ntxiv rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm lwm cov organic tebchaw lossis hauv kev tshawb fawb tshuaj.
2. Synthesis by cyanide method: react 4-chlorobenzonitrile with potassium cyanide to generate 4-cyanobenzonitrile, and then hydrolyze it with ammonia water kom tau 4-aminobenzonitrile. Ua raws li hauv qab no:
(1) Dissolve 4-aminobenzene hauv anhydrous hydrochloric acid thiab txias ntawm 0 degree .
(2) Maj mam ntxiv cov concentrated nitric acid, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub tsis tshaj 5 degree, kom txog thaum ua tiav nitrification.
(3) Ntxiv cov reactant rau dej khov, lim thiab ntxuav nrog dej kom tau cov khoom nitrated, uas yog nitrobenzene.
(4) React nitrobenzene thiab hydrocyanic acid hauv ethanol, ntxiv sulfuric acid, thiab cua sov rau 60-70 degree rau 4-5 teev.
(5) Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txias rau chav tsev kub, ntxiv dej ntau, lim thiab ntxuav cov khoom nrog dej.
(6) Dissolve cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug alkaline saturated sodium chloride tov, distilled thiab qhuav tom qab extraction kom tau lub hom phiaj cov khoom 4-aminobenzonitrile.
Cov kev ceev faj:
Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab cov tshuaj reagents yog qhov txaus ntshai.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub thiab lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud thiab txo cov yield.
Cov khoom yuav tsum tau ntxuav tag nrho thiab muab rho tawm kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom ntshiab.
3. Synthesis los ntawm amination method: 4-aminobenzonitrile yog tsim los ntawm reacting 4-chlorobenzonitrile nrog ethylenediamine ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ua raws li hauv qab no:
(1) Ntxiv 4-nitrobenzonitrile rau ammonia dej, cua sov rau boiling, thiab teb rau 2 teev.
(2) Lub resulting precipitate tau lim thiab ntxuav nrog dej kom tau txais 4-aminobenzonitrile.
(3) Dissolve 4-aminobenzonitrile nyob rau hauv concentrated sulfuric acid, kub rau 80 degree, thiab teb rau 2 teev.
(4) Txias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ntxiv saturated sodium hydroxide tov, thiab neutralize cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog sodium carbonate kom nws tsis muaj zog acidic.
(5) Tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom nrog chloroform, rov ua dua 3 zaug, thiab muab cov txheej txheem organic.
(6) Cov theem ntawm cov organic yog ntxuav nrog saturated sodium chloride tov thiab qhuav dhau anhydrous sodium sulfate.
(7) Siv roj av ether ua cov kuab tshuaj, recrystallize cov khoom kom tau cov khoom ntshiab ntawm 4-aminobenzonitrile.
4. Ortho-txoj hauj lwm hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv synthesis: los ntawm ib qho ortho-txoj hauj lwm hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ib pawg amino yog qhia nyob rau ntawm ortho-txoj hauj lwm ntawm 4-nitrobenzonitrile, thiab 4-aminobenzonitrile yog tsim tom qab txo kev kho mob. Ua raws li hauv qab no:
(1) Muab 4-aminobenzonitrile ua ke nrog aldehyde compounds thiab acid catalysts rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kettle, ua kom sov rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub (feem ntau yog 100-150 degree ), thiab do thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
(2) Tom qab ib lub sij hawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nres cua sov, thiab cia cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom txias mus rau chav tsev kub.
(3) Ntxiv cov pa roj carbon activated rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, do rau lub sijhawm, thiab lim kom tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon activated.
(4) Ua kom huv cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev ntxuav thiab crystallization kom tau txais cov khoom xav tau ortho-hloov.
Cov kev ceev faj:
Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb thaum cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab cov tshuaj reagents yog qhov txaus ntshai.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub thiab lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud thiab txo cov yield.
Cov khoom yuav tsum tau ntxuav tag nrho thiab muab rho tawm kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom ntshiab.
Ntxiv cov pa roj carbon activated hauv qib 3 tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov xim impurities hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab txhim kho cov khoom purity.
5. Aromatic amination cov tshuaj tiv thaiv synthesis: 4-phenylacetophenone yog tsim los ntawm reacting acetophenone thiab aniline nyob rau hauv tooj liab catalysis, thiab ces undergoes hydrogen txo, amidation thiab hydrolysis kom tau txais 4-aminobenzonitrile. Ua raws li hauv qab no:
(1) Ntxiv 4-nitrobenzonitrile thiab txo tus neeg sawv cev rau cov dej ammonia thiab hnov mob hauv chav sov li 2-3 teev.
(2) Ntxiv hydrochloric acid rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab kho tus nqi pH txog li 3.
(3) Tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom nrog chloroform, rov ua dua 3 zaug, thiab muab cov txheej txheem organic.
(4) Cov theem ntawm cov organic yog ntxuav nrog saturated sodium chloride tov thiab qhuav dhau anhydrous sodium sulfate.
(5) Siv roj av ether ua cov kuab tshuaj, recrystallize cov khoom kom tau cov khoom ntshiab ntawm 4-aminobenzonitrile.
Cov kev ceev faj:
Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb thaum cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab cov tshuaj reagents yog qhov txaus ntshai.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub thiab lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud thiab txo cov yield.
Cov khoom yuav tsum tau ntxuav tag nrho thiab muab rho tawm kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom ntshiab.
Kho cov pH hauv kauj ruam 2 tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm los.
Recrystallization hauv kauj ruam 5 tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom purity.
6. Synthesis los ntawm nitration txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: 4-aminobenzonitrile yog tau los ntawm nitrosation txo cov tshuaj p-nitrobenzonitrile. Ua raws li hauv qab no:
(1) Ntxiv benzaldehyde, nitric acid thiab sulfuric acid rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kettle, thiab tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub ntawm 0-5 degree rau nitration cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
(2) Ntxiv hydrogen gas qhov chaw thiab platinum dub catalyst los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txo. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub tau tswj tau ntawm chav tsev kub, thiab lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv yog 1 teev.
(3) Ntxiv dej ammonia rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab kho tus nqi pH txog li 8.
(4) Extract cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom nrog chloroform, rov ua dua 3 zaug, thiab muab cov organic theem.
(5) Cov theem ntawm cov organic yog ntxuav nrog saturated sodium chloride tov thiab qhuav dhau anhydrous sodium sulfate.
(6) Siv roj av ether ua cov kuab tshuaj, recrystallize cov khoom kom tau cov khoom ntshiab ntawm 4-aminobenzonitrile.
Cov kev ceev faj:
Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb thaum cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab cov tshuaj reagents yog qhov txaus ntshai.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub thiab lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud thiab txo cov yield.
Cov khoom yuav tsum tau ntxuav tag nrho thiab muab rho tawm kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom ntshiab.
Kho cov pH hauv kauj ruam 3 tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm los.
Recrystallization hauv kauj ruam 6 tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom purity.
Cov txheej txheem synthesis tau hais los saum toj no muaj lawv tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab ib txoj hauv kev tsim nyog tuaj yeem raug xaiv rau kev sib xyaw ua ke raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag.