Sodium Cyanoborohydride(NaBH3CN) yog ib qho tshuaj txo tus neeg sawv cev uas tau siv dav hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov organic synthesis, biochemistry thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb. Nws yog cov hmoov dawb crystalline, tsis yooj yim soluble hauv dej, tab sis soluble hauv qee cov organic solvents, xws li ethanol, acetonitrile, thiab lwm yam. Yog cov organic compound, nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg borohydride, cov tshuaj formula yog NaBH3CN. NaBH3CN yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov organic synthesis, raws li ib tug txo tus neeg sawv cev rau carbonyl txo thiab synthesis ntawm vinyl tebchaw, thiab lwm yam.
Sodium Cyanoborohydride tuaj yeem txo qis cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, N-oxides thiab lwm pab pawg ua haujlwm, thiab piv nrog NaBH4, nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai dua, kev xaiv zoo dua, thiab nws tsis yooj yim los ua. Cov dej noo tawg. Nyob rau hauv cov organic synthesis, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm tebchaw xws li amines, alcohols, alkenes, fatty aldehydes thiab fatty acids, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb txo tus neeg sawv cev rau lub synthesis ntawm cov tebchaw. Cov tshuaj muaj qhov txo qis qis dua li cov tshuaj txo qis, thiab yog tus neeg ua haujlwm txo qis. Sodium Cyanoborohydride tuaj yeem siv los txo cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nplua nuj unsaturated, xws li ketones, aldehydes, carboxylates, thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv deprotection, xws li tshem tawm amide tiv thaiv pawg, phosphate tiv thaiv pawg, diisopropylamino tiv thaiv pawg, thiab lwm yam. .
Sodium Cyanoborohydride (NaBH3CN) yog ib qho inorganic compound nrog cov tshuaj hauv qab no:
1. Acidity thiab alkalinity: NaBH3CN yog ib qho alkaline compound.
2. Oxidation-txo cov khoom: NaBH3CN yog tus neeg sawv cev txo qis uas tuaj yeem txo cov tebchaw uas muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm xws li carbonyl thiab allyl.
3. Kev ruaj ntseg: Piv nrog rau lwm cov borohydrides, NaBH3CN yog ruaj khov dua thiab tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv chav sov.
4. Flammability: NaBH3CN tsis yog nplaim taws, tab sis nws yuav hnov mob hnyav lossis txawm tawg thaum raug oxygen lossis lwm yam oxidants.
Sodium Cyanoborohydride (NaBH3CN) yog ib qho kev txo qis ntau yam nrog cov khoom nram qab no:
1. Carbonyl txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: NaBH3CN tuaj yeem txo cov tebchaw xws li aldehydes, ketones, amides, thiab carboxylic acids rau cov cawv, imines, amino alcohols, thiab alkyds.
2. Allyl txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: NaBH3CN tuaj yeem txo cov allyl carbonyl compounds rau cov khoom siv cawv, aldehydes thiab allyl alcohols.
3. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dehydrohalogenation: NaBH3CN reacts nrog haloalkane tshem tawm halogen atoms thiab tsim cov hydrocarbons thiab hydroxides sib xws.
4. Kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: NaBH3CN tuaj yeem ua rau Michael ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog , -unsaturated ketones, acids thiab esters los tsim cov cawv thiab esters sib xws.
5. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation: NaBH3CN tuaj yeem oxidized rau NaCN thiab NaBO2 los ntawm nitric acid thiab hydrogen peroxide.
6. Kev txo qis ntawm lwm pab pawg ua haujlwm: NaBH3CN tuaj yeem txo NO2 ntawm lub nplhaib aromatic rau NH2, txo COO hauv esters rau CH2, thiab txo cov pawg nitroso rau amines, thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau hauv xaus, NaBH3CN yog ib qho tseem ceeb multifunctional txo tus neeg sawv cev nrog dav siv nyob rau hauv organic synthesis.
Cov keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb pom thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Sodium Cyanoborohydride tuaj yeem taug qab rov qab mus rau xyoo 1970s, thaum pom nws cov haujlwm txo qis, thiab nws tau siv dav heev. Ob peb xyoos dhau los, Sodium Cyanoborohydride tau siv dav hauv cov organic chemistry, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam ntawm synthesis thiab kev tshawb fawb tshuaj. Nws cov khoom thiab daim ntawv thov kev tshawb fawb kuj tau txuas ntxiv mus tob thiab txhim kho. Nyob rau hauv biochemistry, Sodium Cyanoborohydride kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb txo tus neeg sawv cev, uas yog siv los tiv thaiv disulfide bonds nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso polypeptides, txo functional pawg nyob rau hauv cov proteins thiab lwm yam biomacromolecules, thiab lwm yam.
Xyoo 1953, American chemist Herbert C. Brown nrhiav tau ib tug tshiab txo tus neeg sawv cev thaum kawm organoboron tebchaw. Nws siv sodium hydroxide thiab boron cyanide los ua raws li cov catalysis ntawm sodium hydroxide los tsim ib tug tshiab txo tus neeg sawv cev, Sodium Cyanoborohydride. Qhov kev tshawb pom no yog qhov tseeb. Nws Ameslikas xav npaj ib qho boron-muaj cov organic compound hauv nws qhov kev sim, tab sis qhov kev sim tau npaj txhij txog. Hauv kev tshawb fawb tom qab, pab pawg Brown pom tias sodium cyanoborohydride muaj qhov ua tau zoo thiab txo qis, thiab muaj kev txo qis hauv cov organic tebchaw xws li aldehydes, ketones, thiab acids uas muaj zog oxidizing zog.
Xyoo 1954, Brown thiab nws cov npoj yaig tau luam tawm thawj daim ntawv ntawm sodium cyanoborohydride, qhia txog cov txheej txheem synthesis thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm txo qis no. Txij thaum ntawd los, sodium cyanoborohydride tau dav siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov organic synthesis thiab tshuaj chemistry.
Txij li thaum nws nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1953, Sodium Cyanoborohydride (sodium cyanoborohydride), raws li ib tug nquag siv txo tus neeg sawv cev, tau dav siv nyob rau hauv cov organic chemistry, tshuaj chemistry thiab lwm yam teb, thiab tau maj mam txhim kho thiab optimized.
Nyob rau xyoo 1960 thiab 1970s, kev sib xyaw thiab kev siv ntawm sodium cyanoborohydride tau siv zog los kawm, thiab nws tau pom tias nws muaj ntau yam zoo, xws li kev ua me me, kev ua haujlwm siab, muaj zog xaiv, thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim. Txij li thaum sodium borohydride yog ib qho kev txo qis dua li lwm cov tshuaj txo qis, nws tuaj yeem txo cov tebchaw nrog cov khoom muaj zog oxidizing rau cov cawv los yog amines nyob rau hauv cov mob me. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim nws tsis tsim cov pa phem, nws muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li lwm cov tshuaj txo qis hauv kev tsim khoom loj.
Nyob rau xyoo 1980, tib neeg tau pib kawm cov khoom catalytic ntawm sodium cyanoborohydride, thiab pom tias nws tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, tab sis kuj yog ib qho kev txo qis rau catalyze qhov txo qis ntawm ntau cov organic tebchaw, xws li enols, enones. , alkynes Hydrocarbons thiab aromatic aldehydes, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tib neeg kuj tau pib kawm txog kev siv sodium cyanoborohydride hauv cov hlau-catalyzed txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, xws li metalloporphyrin-catalyzed txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov organic chemistry, daim ntawv thov ntawm sodium cyanoborohydride kuj nthuav dav. Piv txwv li, sodium cyanoborohydride tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis rau kev sib txuas ntawm biomedicine, rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj tseem ceeb xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, glucocorticoids, thiab progestins. Tsis tas li ntawd, sodium cyanoborohydride kuj tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov organic solar cells, lithium-ion roj teeb thiab lwm yam. Nws yog qhov pom tau tias yav tom ntej, sodium cyanoborohydride tseem yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau thaj chaw.
Hauv kev xaus, Sodium Cyanoborohydride yog ib qho tshuaj txo tus neeg sawv cev nrog cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov organic synthesis, biochemistry, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, thiab nws cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo muab kev txhawb zog rau kev tshawb fawb hauv cov haujlwm muaj feem xyuam.