Vitamin D2 hmoov,Tshuaj hu ua ergocalciferol, yog lub nplhaib-qhib steroid tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov tshuaj steroids nyob rau hauv photochemical kev txiav txim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb thiab ergosterol. Lub ergocalciferol npaj rau theem pib tseem hu ua Viosterol. Raws li cov txheej txheem kuaj mob hauv Tebchaws Meskas xyoo 2011, ergocalciferol tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv rau cov vitamin D. ergocalciferol thiab cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) uas tsim los ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv ultraviolet hluav taws xob sib npaug. Muaj ntau lub npe rau ergocalciferol. Vitamin D2 yog absorbed los ntawm cov hnyuv me, thiab nws nqus yuav tsum tau cov kua tsib ntsev thiab tshwj xeeb - Tom qab khi, globulin raug thauj mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev thiab khaws cia rau hauv daim siab thiab rog. Metabolism thiab ua kom ua ntej dhau los ntawm daim siab, tom qab ntawd los ntawm lub raum. Lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm yog 12-24 teev, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kho yuav siv sijhawm 10-14 hnub.
1. Tswj cov ntshav calcium thiab phosphorus sib npaug. Vitamin D2 yog ib hom tshuaj vitamin. Vitamin D2 tuaj yeem txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm plab hnyuv mucosa kom nqus calcium, nce cov ntshav calcium thiab phosphorus, koom tes nrog cov tshuaj parathyroid thiab calcitonin los txhawb kev tso tawm calcium phosphate los ntawm cov pob txha qub, thiab tswj kev sib npaug ntawm calcium thiab phosphorus hauv lub cev. .
2. Tsis tas li ntawd, vitamin D2 tuaj yeem txhawb calcium deposition nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov pob txha tshiab, ua citrate deposit nyob rau hauv cov pob txha, txhawb cov pob txha calcification, txhawb cov pob txha cell muaj nuj nqi thiab cov pob txha maturation.
3. Yog tias tsis muaj vitamin D2 yooj yim ua rau pob txha lossis rickets, cov tshuaj no kuj siv los kho cov vitamin D tsis txaus. Rau cov neeg tsis noj nqaij kiag, cov neeg txhawb nqa khoom noj khoom haus parenteral thiab cov neeg mob pancreatic insufficiency, yuav tsum tau ntxiv vitamin D ntxiv.
Lub ntiaj teb noj cov vitamin D2 hmoov yog 1800 tons / xyoo, ntawm uas 70 feem pua - 80 feem pua yog siv rau pub additives. Tuam Tshoj muaj cov neeg coob coob thiab cov menyuam yaus feem ntau tsis muaj calcium, yog li qhov tshwm sim ntawm rickets yog qhov siab heev, thaum cov neeg laus mob pob txha muaj ntau dua ob npaug ntawm cov tebchaws tsim. Yog li ntawd, cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus ib leeg muaj qhov xav tau ntawm cov vitamin D2 ntawm kaum tawm tons txhua xyoo. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm tib neeg kev ua neej nyob, Suav cov neeg xav tau cov khoom kho mob tau nce ntxiv, thiab lawv tau mob siab los txhim kho tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, kev txawj ntse thiab kev ua neej ntev. Ntau lub tebchaws tsim, xws li Nyiv thiab Tebchaws Meskas, tau qhia cov khoom noj muaj zog uas muaj vitamin D2 txij li xyoo 1970. Raws li kev txheeb cais, Tuam Tshoj qhov kev thov txhua xyoo rau vitamin D2 rau zaub mov thiab tshuaj nce mus txog 100 tons. Ntxiv rau qhov kev thov ntawm kev lag luam pub, Tuam Tshoj qhov kev thov txhua xyoo rau vitamin D2 tuaj yeem ncav cuag 200 tons. Yog li ntawd, vitamin D2 muaj qhov kev loj hlob zoo.
Kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm vitamin D2
Xyoo 1932, Windaus hauv Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Askew hauv tebchaws Askiv tau txiav txim siab cov qauv ntawm cov vitamin D2 thiab txheeb xyuas tias nws yog sterol. Txog thaum xyoo 1950, Kodicek tau ua tiav kev sib xyaw ntawm cov vitamin D2 thiab lwm yam. Rau lub hauv paus no, Suda thiab lwm tus tau ua tiav cov khoom tiav hauv xyoo 1969. Cov tuam txhab loj vitamin D2 hauv ntiaj teb yog BASF, Roche Pharmaceutical, Nissin Chemical, Danochem A/S thiab Duphar BV. Lub ntiaj teb tag nrho cov peev txheej tsim tau yog li 1000 tons / xyoo.
Txij li thaum xyoo 1980s, Tuam Tshoj tau pib kawm txog kev tsim cov ergosterol los ntawm cov poov xab fermentation thiab tsim cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm vitamin D2. Tom qab ze li ntawm 20 xyoo ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev tshawb nrhiav, Tuam Tshoj cov vitamin D2 ntau lawm thiab kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav qee yam, tab sis tseem muaj teeb meem xws li kev tsim khoom qis, kev loj hlob qeeb thiab rov qab siv tshuab. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb kev koom ua ke, Tuam Tshoj cov vitamin D2 cov tuam txhab tsim khoom yuav tsum tsom rau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
Ua ntej, nce kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv technology. Tuam Tshoj cov vitamin D2 tseem muaj txoj hauv kev ntev mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam. Lub teb chaws yuav tsum xaiv lub sijhawm tsim nyog los teeb tsa cov chaw tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, ua raws li kev txhim kho thoob ntiaj teb cov vitamin D2 thev naus laus zis, thiab niaj hnub txhim kho Tuam Tshoj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Thib ob, ceev cov txheej txheem industrialization ntawm cov khoom. Tuam Tshoj cov vitamin D2 ntau lawm technology tau mus txog thiab mus txog lub thoob ntiaj teb advanced theem. Nws raug pom zoo tias cov tuam txhab tsim nyog tau npaj los tsim ntau qhov chaw tsim khoom ntawm vitamin D2 los txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm cov vitamin D2. Suav cov chaw tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tseem yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev muaj tiag thiab siv ntau txoj hauv kev, txhais tau tias lossis txoj hauv kev sib koom tes thiab kev koom tes los tsim cov thev naus laus zis no kom sai li sai tau thiab nrawm cov txheej txheem kev lag luam ntawm vitamin D2 hauv Suav teb, txhawm rau txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj. , zaub mov thiab kev noj qab haus huv kev lag luam.
Thib peb, ntxiv dag zog rau macro-tswj thiab ua lag luam tus kheej-kev qhuab qhia. Tam sim no, cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov vitamin D2 tsis txaus, feem ntau vim tias cov tshuab tsim khoom tsis paub tab, tab sis kev cia siab ntawm kev lag luam thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov vitamin D2 tau txhawj xeeb los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab. Txawm hais tias qhov chaw tsim khoom lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam no loj, lub xeev yuav tsum ntxiv dag zog rau kev tswj hwm macro, txwv tsis pub siv thiab tsim cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom siv me me, rov qab siv tshuab thiab muaj kuab paug hnyav, thiab siv zog ua kom tiav qib siab Tsim Tuam Tshoj cov vitamin D2 kev lag luam. los ntawm qhov pib siab; Cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum ntxiv dag zog rau kev qhuab qhia tus kheej thiab nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub muaj neeg coob coob, uas yuav ua rau muaj peev xwm dhau thiab muaj peev xwm dhau, kev sib nrig sib txo nqi thiab kev sib nrig sib tua.
Plaub, nce kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv. Vitamin D2 muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab khoom siv kho mob. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm tib neeg kev ua neej nyob, qhov kev thov ntawm cov neeg Suav rau cov khoom siv kho mob tau nce. Tuam Tshoj cov tuam txhab lag luam thiab cov koom haum tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum ntxiv dag zog rau kev txhim kho thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm vitamin D2, thiab tuaj yeem kawm los ntawm kev paub ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Nyiv thiab lwm lub tebchaws tsim los tsim khoom noj, khoom noj khoom haus thiab pub nrog vitamin D2.
Thib tsib, tuav lub sijhawm los tuav lub lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov cuab yeej technology, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm vitamin D2 hauv Suav teb yuav nce ntxiv. Kev nthuav dav ntawm kev xa tawm mus tas li yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los muab kev ua si tag nrho rau kev tsim cov peev txheej ntawm cov tuam txhab vitamin D2 thiab txo qhov siab ntawm kev lag luam hauv tsev. Cov lag luam tseem ceeb thiab cov lag luam xa tawm yuav tsum ua kom nrawm rau kev siv GMP, muab kev ua si tag nrho rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom qis thiab tus nqi qis zog ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, ua kom lub zog ntawm kev xa tawm, nce qhov ntim tawm, thiab tuav lub lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. sai li sai tau.