Ib tug neeg los ntawm Saudi Arabia yuav liab phosphorus

Liab phosphorus hmoovyog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tsis yog -cov khoom siv hlau, nthuav tawm cov xim liab tsaus rau xim liab amorphous hmoov. Nws tau txais los ntawm kev hloov cov phosphorus dawb rau hauv qhov siab -kub lub xeev nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw inert. Nws cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj zog ntau dua piv rau cov phosphorus dawb. Nws tsis yooj yim rau spontaneous combustion nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, tab sis tseem yuav tsum tau sealing nyob rau hauv ib tug airtight ib puag ncig thiab cais los ntawm noo noo los tiv thaiv kev sib cuag nrog oxidants. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm liab phosphorus nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev nyab xeeb nplaim retardancy. Nws yog dav ntxiv raws li cov nplaim hluav taws zoo rau cov yas, roj hmab, textiles, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Thaum rhuab, nws decomposes los tsim cov khoom xws li phosphoric acid, thiab los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm npog thiab catalytic carbon tsim, nws exerts cov nplaim retardant nyhuv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb pib cov khoom siv rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor (xws li indium phosphide), kev sib tw tshwj xeeb, thiab qee cov organic phosphorus compounds. Thaum siv, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau qhov pheej hmoo ntawm cov plua plav tawg thiab ceev faj tiv thaiv qhov muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom tawg thaum sib xyaw nrog cov oxidants muaj zog xws li chlorates.

Liab Phosphorus yog ib qho ntawm cov allotropes ntawm phosphorus keeb, thiab nws yog ib qho allotrope ntawm daj Phosphorus. Nws cov qauv molecular yog tsim los ntawm suav tsis txheeb phosphorus atoms los ntawm covalent bonds, ua rau cov saw hlau -zoo li los yog nplhaib-zoo li cov qauv polymerized heev. Cov qauv no endows liab phosphorus nrog lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov.

Liab phosphorus nthuav tawm raws li cov ntshav -liab lossis xim av me ntsis amorphous hmoov nrog cov xim hlau ci, thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Nws cov ntsiab lus melting tuaj yeem ncav cuag 590℃nyob rau hauv kev kub siab, thiab tsis yaj tab sis ncaj qha sublimes ntawm lub siab ib txwm. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg ruaj khov nyob rau hauv siab - qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig. Liab phosphorus yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej thiab dithiocarbonic acid, me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv anhydrous ethanol, tab sis soluble nyob rau hauv alkaline daws. Qhov sib txawv ntawm solubility ntxiv txwv nws cov reactivity nrog ib puag ncig cov khoom. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov phosphorus liab muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab tsis yooj yim rau cov tshuaj xws li oxygen thiab dej. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv zoo tagnrho rau ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam.

Cov qauv polymerized heev ntawm cov phosphorus liab ua rau muaj kev sib txuas sib txuas sib txuas hauv cov molecule, nrog lub zog siab, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev cuam tshuam los ntawm lub zog sab nraud. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, P₄ tetrahedral qauv ntawm dawb phosphorus, muaj li ntawm plaub phosphorus atoms, muaj qis zog daim ntawv cog lus thiab yog chemically active, spontaneously igniting thiab generating heev toxic gases. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm liab phosphorus thiab dawb phosphorus yog qhov tsim nyog vim muaj cov qauv molecular sib txawv. Cov saw hlau -zoo li lossis lub nplhaib-zoo li cov qauv ntawm cov phosphorus liab disperses lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj bonds, txo cov reactivity, thiab yog li ua pov thawj siab dua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub.

Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm liab phosphorus kuj yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws adaptability rau ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw qhuav thiab txias, liab phosphorus tuaj yeem khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev yam tsis muaj decomposition lossis deterioration. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kub thiab txias, av noo, lossis kev sib cuag nrog oxidants tuaj yeem ua rau nws ruaj khov. Piv txwv li, liab phosphorus yuav hnov ​​​​mob nrog oxygen ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los tsim cov tshuaj lom pentoxide phosphorus (P₂O₅), thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntub dej, nws tuaj yeem ua kom oxidation vim kev nqus noo noo. Yog li ntawd, kev cia cov phosphorus liab yuav tsum nruj tswj hwm ntawm ib puag ncig kom tsis txhob sib xyaw nrog oxidants, halogens, halides, thiab lwm yam, thiab tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam hnyav.

Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm Liab Phosphorus: Kev hloov pauv los ntawm Tsis yog -Toxic to toxic and Protection Measures

Qhov tsis yog - lom yam ntawm liab phosphorus

Liab phosphorus yuav luag tsis yog - lom. Nws toxicity yog qis dua li ntawm cov phosphorus dawb. Dawb phosphorus muaj cov tshuaj lom P₄ molecule, thiab nqus tau los yog sib cuag nrog nws yuav ua rau mob hnyav, txawm tuag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv molecular ntawm cov phosphorus liab yog qhov ruaj khov thiab nws tsis nquag tso cov tshuaj lom, yog li ua rau muaj kev phom sij tsawg rau tib neeg lub cev raws li kev siv ib txwm muaj. Cov yam ntxwv no tau ua rau cov phosphorus liab tau siv dav hauv cov pej xeem xws li kev sib tw, tshuaj tua kab, thiab cov nplaim hluav taws.

 

Toxicity txaus ntshai tom qab siab -kub oxidation

Txawm hais tias liab phosphorus nws tus kheej tsis yog - tshuaj lom, thaum raug kub los yog kub kub, liab phosphorus reacts nrog oxygen los ua pentoxide ntawm phosphorus (P₂O₅), uas yog cov hmoov dawb dawb uas muaj zog toxicity thiab corrosiveness. Tom qab nqus pa ntawm pentoxide ntawm phosphorus, nws yuav ua rau mob hnyav rau tib neeg txoj kev ua pa thiab lub ntsws mucosa, ua rau cov tsos mob xws li hnoos thiab ua pa nyuaj. Ntev - raug rau lub sij hawm yuav ua rau cov kab mob ntev xws li mob ntsws fibrosis. Ntxiv mus, pentoxide ntawm phosphorus reacts nrog dej los tsim phosphoric acid, uas yog corrosive thiab yuav ua rau puas tsuaj rau daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag.

 

Kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv

Txhawm rau txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb thaum siv liab phosphorus, kev tiv thaiv nruj yuav tsum tau ua:

Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej:Thaum tuav cov phosphorus liab, hnav lub ntsej muag plua plav, tshuaj tiv thaiv tsom iav, tshuaj lom neeg - hnab looj tes tiv thaiv thiab lub tsho tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob raug tawv nqaij ncaj qha lossis nqus plua plav.

Qhov cua qhov xwm txheej:Tag nrho cov haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub fume hood los yog lub hauv paus tso pa system kom ntseeg tau tias huab cua ncig thiab txo cov concentration ntawm phosphorus pentoxide nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.

Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg:Liab phosphorus yog flammable. Cov chaw khaws cia thiab kev siv yuav tsum nyob deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab qhov chaw kub, thiab hluav taws kub - cov khoom siv sib ntaus sib tua (xws li cov hmoov qhuav hluav taws kub, cov xuab zeb hluav taws) thiab cov khoom siv thaum muaj xwm ceev rau kev xau yuav tsum tau nruab.

Kev tswj chaw cia khoom:Liab phosphorus yuav tsum tau muab kaw thiab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav, thiab zoo -ventilated warehouse. Lub warehouse kub yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 32 degree, thiab cov txheeb ze av noo yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 80%. Nws yog txwv tsis pub khaws cia nrog oxidants, halogens, halides, thiab lwm yam, kom tsis txhob muaj kev kub ntxhov.

Kev tuav xwm ceev:Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm to, tam sim ntawd cais thaj chaw muaj kab mob, txwv tsis pub nkag mus, thiab txiav tawm qhov hluav taws kub. Rau cov xau me me, siv cov xuab zeb ntub dej los yog av los npog thiab sau rau hauv lub thawv qhuav, huv, thiab npog; rau cov xau loj, ntub dej, siv cov pa taws- cov cuab yeej pub dawb los sau thiab rov ua dua lossis thauj mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg pov tseg.

 

Kev pab thawj zaug

 Kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij: Tshem tawm cov khaub ncaws tsis huv thiab yaug daim tawv nqaij nrog dej soapy thiab dej huv.

 Kev sib cuag qhov muag: tsa daim tawv muag thiab yaug nrog dej ntws los yog physiological saline. Nrhiav kev kho mob.

 Kev nqus pa: nrawm nrawm tawm ntawm qhov chaw mus rau thaj chaw huab cua ntshiab, ua kom txoj hlab pa ntshiab. Yog tias ua pa nyuaj, muab cov pa oxygen. Yog tias ua tsis taus pa, ua pa ua pa tam sim ntawd thiab nrhiav kev kho mob.

 Noj: Haus dej sov kom ntau, ua kom ntuav, thiab nrhiav kev kho mob.

Daim ntawv thov teb thiab kev nyab xeeb tshuav ntawm liab phosphorus

 

Vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb ruaj khov thiab kev nyab xeeb, phosphorus liab tau siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum nws daim ntawv thov, qhov nyiaj tshuav yuav tsum raug ntaus ntawm nws qhov kev ruaj ntseg thiab qhov muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai.

Matchstick Manufacturing

Liab phosphorus yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb kev sib tw, siv los ua cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm lub taub hau match. Nws txoj kev ruaj ntseg ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom sib tw tsis tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab siv, thiab thaum hlawv, pentoxide ntawm phosphorus tsim muaj tshuaj lom, tab sis vim yog siv me me ntawm qhov sib tw thiab qis qis ntawm cov roj tsim tawm, kev tsim txom rau tib neeg lub cev yog txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv cov khoom sib tw hauv qhov ntau lossis nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig, qhov cua yuav tsum tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib txuam ntawm pentoxide ntawm phosphorus.

Nplaim retardant

Liab phosphorus yog dav siv los ua cov nplaim hluav taws hauv cov khoom siv molecular siab xws li polyolefins, polystyrene, polyesters, thiab nylon. Nws cov nplaim retardation mechanism suav nrog tsim phosphoric acid ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, npog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom thiab ua kom lub cev qhuav dej carbonization, tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab ua kua thiab cov pa roj carbon txheej, uas cais cov pa thiab cua sov, yog li cuam tshuam combustion. Liab phosphorus nplaim retardants muaj ib tug me me npaum li cas, high efficiency, thiab me ntsis cuam tshuam rau lub cev khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ua rau lawv nyiam xaiv rau ntau nplaim retardant daim ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nplaim hluav taws kub phosphorus liab tuaj yeem tso tawm diphosphorus pentoxide ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab qhov cua thiab kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau xav txog hauv cov khoom tsim.

Tshuaj tua kab thiab Organic Synthesis

Liab phosphorus yog cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab organophosphorus, xws li rau kev npaj cov khoom nruab nrab xws li diphosphorus pentoxide thiab phosphorus trichloride, uas yog siv los ua cov phosphorus series - muaj tshuaj tua kab. Nws txoj kev ruaj ntseg ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim tshuaj tua kab, tab sis kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim nyog kom tsis txhob tsim cov pentoxide phosphorus ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los yog vim oxidation. Tsis tas li ntawd, liab phosphorus kuj tseem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis thiab catalyst hauv cov organic synthesis, thiab nws txoj kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau lees paub los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev ua kom zoo thiab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm.

Semiconductors thiab Metallurgy

Liab phosphorus yog siv los ua ib qho chaw diffusion thiab dopant hauv kev lag luam semiconductor, rau kev npaj cov khoom sib xyaw semiconductor. Nws cov purity siab thiab ruaj khov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom semiconductor. Hauv kev lag luam metallurgical, liab phosphorus yog siv los tsim phosphor bronze nplooj ntawv, txhim kho corrosion kuj thiab mechanical zog ntawm hlau. Cov ntawv thov no yuav tsum muaj kev purity siab thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov phosphorus liab, thiab kev tswj xyuas nruj thiab kev nyab xeeb yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntau lawm.