Spinosad qab zib, cov tshuaj tua kab mob macrolide ua tib zoo tsim los ntawm Dow Agricultural Company hauv Tebchaws Meskas, sawv tawm rau nws cov tshuaj tua kab zoo heev. Nws tuaj yeem tua tsiaj sai sai thiab mob plab, thaum pom muaj zog nkag mus rau hauv nplooj, nkag mus tob rau hauv cov epidermis kom tshem tawm cov tsiaj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hais tias nws cov nyhuv residual kav ntev li ob peb lub lis piam thiab txawm tias muaj qee yam tua cov qe ntawm qee cov tsiaj. Txawm hais tias nws tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam sab hauv, nws cov kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev nyab xeeb rau cov kab muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov tsiaj txhu ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua qias tuaj - tsis pub zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Peb cov khoom
Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ntawm chemical compound:
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Spinosad +. COA
Spinosad qab zib, tseem hu ua fungicide, yog ib qho zoo heev thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg macrolide insecticide rho tawm los ntawm fermentation broth ntawm av actinomycete Saccharomyces spinosa. Txij li thaum nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam hauv xyoo 1997, polymyxin tau siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw xws li kev ua liaj ua teb, chaw cia khoom, thiab kev noj qab haus huv vim nws cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm zoo tshuaj tua kab, thiab kev nyab xeeb zoo.
Plutella xylostella:
Plutella xylostella yog ib qho kab tsuag tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub cruciferous. Nws cov tub ntxhais hluas larvae pub rau ntawm nplooj tawv nqaij, tawm hauv qab lub epidermis thiab tsim pob tshab me ntsis, feem ntau hu ua "skylight qhib"; 3-4 instar larvae tuaj yeem noj zaub nplooj rau hauv qhov thiab qhov chaw, thiab hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, tag nrho cov nplooj tuaj yeem noj rau hauv ib lub mesh. Doxycycline muaj kev tswj xyuas zoo ntawm cov npauj pob zeb diamondback, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thaum ntxov, nrog rau kev tswj zoo dua. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub ncov lub sij hawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas larvae ntawm diamondback npauj, 2.5% doxorubicin ncua kev kawm ntawv yuav siv tau rau 1000-1500 lub sij hawm ntawm cov kua tshuaj tsuag tusyees, los yog 2.5% ncua kev kawm ntawv yuav siv tau rau 33-50ml ntawm dej ib mu rau 20-50kg tshuaj tsuag.
Beet Armyworm:
Beet Armyworm yog kab tsuag omnivorous uas puas nplooj nrog nws cov larvae. Cov larvae uas nyuam qhuav hatched nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm nplooj, tig lo lo ntxhuav thiab tsim ib lub vas, pub rau ntawm nplooj tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv nplooj, tawm hauv lub epidermis, thiab tsim pob tshab qhov me me; Tom qab 3 xyoos, cov nplooj tuaj yeem noj tau rau hauv qhov lossis qhov chaw, thiab hauv qhov mob hnyav, tsuas yog nplooj nplooj thiab petioles tseem nyob, ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib tuag, ua rau cov yub poob, txiav txiav, thiab txawm tias cov noob puas tsuaj. Doxomycin muaj kev tswj xyuas zoo rau cov tub ntxhais hluas larvae ntawm Spodoptera exigua. Nyob rau theem larvae hluas, 2.5% tshem tawm tus neeg sawv cev 50-100ml yog siv los txau dej rau ib mu, thiab cov nyhuv zoo tshaj plaws yog thaum yav tsaus ntuj.
Rice tswj kab tsuag
Chilo suppressalis:
Cov nplej stem borer yog ib qho ntawm cov kab tsuag tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplej, uas pub rau ntawm nplooj nplooj, pob ntseg pob ntseg, stems, thiab lwm yam los ntawm burrowing rau hauv cov nplej ua larvae. Cov larvae ua ntej sib sau ua ke ntawm sab hauv ntawm nplooj nplooj los noj thiab ua rau kev puas tsuaj, thiab dej stained daj me ntsis tshwm rau sab nrauv ntawm nplooj nplooj. Tom qab ntawd, nplooj nplooj tig daj thiab nplooj maj mam tuag, uas yog hu ua lub sijhawm withering. Tom qab larvae nkag mus rau hauv lub qia, lub hau ntawm rab ntaj nplooj tig daj, thiab yellowing ntawm lub plawv nplooj ua rau tuag. Qhov cuam tshuam qia muaj qhov, thiab muaj cov kab me me heev sab nraum lub qhov. Muaj ntau cov kab daj daj hauv cov qia, thiab cov qia nplej yog qhov ua rau tawg. Doxorubicin muaj kev tswj zoo ntawm Chilo suppressalis. Thaum ntxov larval theem, 480g / L tshem tawm tus neeg sawv cev 6-10mL ib mu, 50kg dej tsuag, ib zaug los yog ob zaug, nrog rau ncua sij hawm ntawm 5-7 hnub.
Rice-nplooj yob
Cov nplooj nplooj ntoo, feem ntau hu ua cov nplooj ntoo lossis cov nplooj ntoo dawb, yog cov kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm cov qoob loo xws li nplej thiab nplej. Cov larvae entangle cov xov xov ntawm cov nplooj nplej thiab cov neeg laus bract. Lub larvae nkaum nyob rau hauv nws noj rau ntawm nplooj tawv nqaij, tawm hauv lub epidermis, tsim dawb kab txaij, uas ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv ib txhiab grain hnyav ntawm mov thiab nce nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm chaff nplej, ua rau kom txo tau ntawm yield. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov nplooj nplooj nplooj, 10% polymyxin 30-40 grams / acre tuaj yeem siv. Nws yog siv rau lub sij hawm ncov ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas larvae ntawm cov nplej nplooj ntoos cov menyuam, uas qhia tau hais tias zoo ceev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Thaum muaj ntau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov nplooj nplooj ntoo, nws tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tua kab xws li imidacloprid thiab imidacloprid kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
Tswj lwm cov kab tsuag kab tsuag
qos beetle
Qos yaj ywm beetle yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsiaj ntawm qos yaj ywm, ib txwm nyob rau Rocky Toj siab nyob rau hauv North America thiab dav faib thoob ntiaj teb. Ob tus neeg laus thiab cov larvae noj cov qos yaj ywm nplooj, ua rau nplooj kom muaj qhov tsis muaj qhov los yog qhov. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, cov nplooj tuaj yeem noj tau tag nrho, tsuas yog cov nplooj nplooj xwb, uas cuam tshuam rau cov qoob loo thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov qos yaj ywm. Domusticin tuaj yeem tswj tau cov tsiaj coleoptera xws li qos beetles, thiab tuaj yeem txau nrog qhov tsim nyog ntawm Domusticin thaum pib ntawm cov tsiaj tshwm sim.
Tshuaj yej geometric
Cov tshuaj yej geometrid yog ib qho ntawm cov tsiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj yej ntoo. Nws cov larvae pub rau cov nplooj tshuaj yej, thiab thaum nws tshwm sim, nws tuaj yeem tawm hauv lub vaj tshuaj yej kom liab qab, cuam tshuam rau cov qoob loo thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj yej nplooj. Domusticin muaj qee yam kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj yej geometrid. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab tsuag, qhov tsim nyog ntau npaum li cas thiab concentration tuaj yeem raug xaiv rau kev tswj cov tshuaj tsuag.
Common pests tswj nyob rau hauv grain cia:
Muaj ntau hom tsiaj txhu khaws cia, nrog ntau tshaj 200 hom tsiaj hauv Suav teb, ua rau poob loj hauv kev khaws cia, kev thauj mus los, thiab kev ncig ntawm cov nplej. Kev tsim txom ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau cuam tshuam rau cov zaub mov zoo, yog li cov tshuaj tua kab bio-based yog nyiam heev. Txoj kev degradation ntawm polymyxin tsis ua rau lub nra hnyav rau ib puag ncig thiab tuaj yeem decomposed sai thiab metabolized hauv cov nroj tsuag, nrog rau cov khoom noj khoom haus tsawg thiab kev lag luam nce qib. Tam sim no, cov tshuaj tua kab sau npe hauv Tebchaws Meskas tuaj yeem siv rau cov qoob loo xws li barley, pob kws, nplej, thiab nplej.
Hauv Suav teb, polymyxin kuj tseem siv rau kev tswj cov tsiaj khaws cia. 1.0mg / kg polymyxin tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau zoo thiab tswj cov tsiaj txhu khaws cia, xws li xeb liab tiaj tus tub sab, pob kws borer, sawmill, nplej weevil, pob kws weevil, thiab lwm yam. Lub sijhawm tshawb pom ntawm cov qoob loo loj cia cov kab tsuag xws li pob kws weevil thiab cov khoom siv liab hauv lub tsev cog qoob loo thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm polymyxin. yog tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv lub warehouse tswj tsis tau kho, thiab cov kab ceev nyob rau hauv lub tswj warehouse yog 1.4 npaug ntawm lub sim warehouse. Cov kws tshawb fawb kuj tau pom tias polymyxin tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov rhiab heev ntawm cov tsiaj txhu khaws cia rau qhov kub thiab txias, txo lawv txoj kev ua siab ntev, thiab yog li muaj cov tshuaj tua kab.
Daim ntawv ntau npaum li cas thiab kev siv
Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tswj tus tsiaj hauv kev cia khoom,spinosad qab zibtau raug tsim los ua ntau yam formulations, xws li hmoov hmoov, dej emulsions, microemulsions, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj ntawm cia cov tsiaj, tsim nyog npaum li cas cov ntaub ntawv thiab siv txoj kev yuav xaiv tau raws li qhov sib txawv cia ib puag ncig thiab tsiaj hom. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub teeb thiab tsis muaj oxygen ib puag ncig, polymyxin tsis tshua decomposes nyob rau hauv ib xyoo - lub sij hawm cia, thiab nws cov tshuaj tua kab muaj peev xwm khaws cia rau 1-2 xyoo.
Kev tswj yoov tshaj cum thiab yoov tshaj cum:
Cov tsiaj huv huv yog cov kab mob tseem ceeb rau kev kis tus kab mob sib kis thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau tib neeg lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev. Lub sijhawm ntev - tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov tshuaj tua kab xws li siab - koob tshuaj organochlorine, organophosphate, thiab carbamate tau ua rau cov teeb meem yoov tshaj cum thiab yoov tshaj cum hnyav zuj zus. Kev tswj hwm thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob vector los ntawm qhov chaw yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov neeg nyob hauv kev noj qab haus huv thiab txhawb kev sib raug zoo- kev loj hlob kev lag luam. Cov nyhuv tua ntawm polymyxin tau raug lees paub rau cov tsiaj tu cev xws li yoov tshaj cum Aedes, yoov tshaj cum Anopheles, thiab cov yoov tshaj cum. Piv txwv li, siv ntau cov tshuaj fungicide granules thiab ntsiav tshuaj los tswj cov larvae ntawm Culex trituberculatus nyob rau hauv simulated paddy teb nyob rau hauv cov qus, txo tus nqi ntawm cov laus larvae tom qab granule kev kho mob yog siab dua li cov ntsiav tshuaj, thiab ob formulations muaj ib tug ntev lub sij hawm zoo rau kev tswj Culex trituberculatus.
Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm lwm yam kab tsuag tsis huv:
Doxycycline kuj tseem siv tau los tswj lwm cov tsiaj tu cev, xws li kab laum, fleas, thiab lwm yam. Sheele siv polymyxin los tswj cov tib neeg ectoparasite hu ua temperate bedbug uas noj ntshav. Cov ntshav siab siab tshaj plaws tom qab siv los txiav txim siab npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab lub peev xwm ua rau tuag taus ntawm polymyxin ntawm koob tshuaj 1000ng / mL lossis siab dua mus txog 75.0%.
Tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov tsiaj nyeg kab mob:
Doxycycline kuj tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab kho tau zoo ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg kab mob, nrog rau cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg thiab yooj yim degradation, thiab kev puas tsuaj tsawg rau cov tsiaj txhu lawv tus kheej. Packianathan et al. muab cov tshuaj polymyxin rau cov dev hnub 0, 30, thiab 60. Hnub 14, cov fleas suav tau txo qis los ntawm 94.6% piv rau hnub 0, thiab hnub 60, qhov nruab nrab zoo tiv thaiv dev mub yog ntau dua 98.8%.
(2) Tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob cab
Franc et al. sivspinosad qab zibkho thiab tswj cov dev mub, nrog selemycin ua pab pawg tswj. Tom qab 60 hnub ntawm kev kho mob, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov yoov tshaj cum hauv pawg sim txo qis los ntawm 96.0%, thiab kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj tau zoo dua li ntawm pawg tswj hwm. Cov tsiaj kho mob tsis muaj kev phiv tshuaj. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj ntau cov lus ceeb toom txog kev siv cov tshuaj ethyl fungicides hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob cab, lawv cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb. Paarlberg et al. piv rau kev tswj cov tshuaj sib txawv ntawm cov dev mub, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm ethyl fungicide kev kho mob ntawm cov dev mub yog ntau dua 96.0% ntawm 0 mus rau 37 hnub, nrog cov tshuaj tua kab muaj zog dua fipronil thiab tsis muaj kev phiv tshuaj. Cov kev tshawb fawb no qhia tias polymyxin thiab ethyl polymyxin tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob dev mub.
Pharmaceutical cia thiab tuav
Cia tej yam kev mob:
Cov fungicide yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav, qhov cua, tsis muaj nag, thiab deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub. Tsis txhob khaws thiab thauj khoom ua ke nrog zaub mov, pub, noob, lossis khoom siv txhua hnub. Daim ntawv hmoov tuaj yeem khaws cia ntawm -20 ° C rau 3 xyoos thiab ntawm 4 ° C rau 2 xyoos; Tom qab yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj, nws tuaj yeem khaws cia rau 6 lub hlis ntawm -80 ° C thiab 1 lub hlis ntawm -20 ° C. Cov pob khov nab kuab yuav tsum tau siv rau kev thauj mus los, thiab tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li cov khoom lag luam.
Kev kho cov tshuaj:
Medicament yog ib qho yooj yim rau lo rau lub hnab ntim los yog lub raj mis phab ntsa, uas yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav tawm nrog dej thiab ces diluted dua, thiaj li ua kom cov tshuaj tsuag txawm.
Kev phiv tshuaj
Spinosad Creamyog ib qho tshuaj pleev uas muaj cov khoom xyaw nquag spinosad, feem ntau yog siv los kho cov kab mob cab xws li kab mob taub hau. Polyfungicide yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb, ua rau tuag tes tuag taw thiab tuag, tswj cov kab mob cab. Txawm hais tias Spinosad tau pom tias muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo thiab kev zam rau hauv kev siv tshuaj kho mob, txhua yam tshuaj yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Hauv qab no yog nws cov lus piav qhia ntxaws:
Tej yam tshwm sim tsis zoo
Tom qab siv Spinosad, qee cov neeg mob yuav hnov qhov khaus thiab kub hnyiab ntawm tawv taub hau lossis hauv cheeb tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau yog me me thiab ploj ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Kev khaus thiab kub hnyiab tuaj yeem yog vim muaj cov tshuaj stimulating ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua rau muaj zog rhiab heev ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv zos. Cov neeg mob me me tuaj yeem ntsib cov tawv nqaij erythema hauv zos lossis pob liab liab. Cov tsos mob no feem ntau yog ib ntus thiab tsis xav tau kev kho mob tshwj xeeb. Cov pob liab liab thiab pob liab liab tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua xua hauv zos rau cov tshuaj lossis ncaj qha rau daim tawv nqaij rau cov tshuaj.
Spinosad Cream yog cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab yuav tsum zam kev sib cuag nrog lub qhov muag thaum siv. Yog tias qhov muag tsis pom, nws yuav ua rau qhov muag khaus, tshwm sim raws li qhov mob, tearing, conjunctival congestion thiab lwm yam tsos mob. Qhov℃ntawm qhov muag khaus nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag thiab tus neeg qhov rhiab heev. Yog tias Spinosad yuam kev nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag, tam sim ntawd yaug qhov muag nrog dej kom ntau li 15 feeb. Tom qab muab yaug, yog tias cov tsos mob tseem nyob los yog mob zuj zus, mus nrhiav kev kho mob sai. Yog tias qhov muag khaus tsis kho raws sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem ua rau pob txha puas lossis lwm yam tshwm sim loj.
Txawm hais tias tsis tshua muaj, qee cov neeg mob yuav ua xua rau cov khoom xyaw hauv Spinosad, ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj loj. Cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj tej zaum yuav muaj xws li khaus khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, urticaria, ua tsis taus pa nyuaj, o ntawm lub ntsej muag los yog caj pas, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj tej zaum yuav muaj feem xyuam rau ib tug neeg lub cev tiv thaiv overreacting rau cov khoom xyaw tshuaj. Cov neeg mob uas muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev ua xua tuaj yeem muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj thaum siv Spinosad. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej siv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau nug kom meej txog tus neeg mob qhov kev tsis haum tshuaj keeb kwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv cov kev tsis haum tshuaj los yog tshuaj pleev ib ce.
Kev phiv loj heev
Kev tsis haum tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis haum yog ib qho kev ua xua loj heev uas tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau lub cev. Cov tsos mob tej zaum yuav muaj xws li pob khaus, ntshav siab, ua tsis taus pa, plawv dhia ceev, thiab lwm yam. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj tsis haum rau lub cev tsis kho kom raws sijhawm, lawv yuav ua rau poob siab lossis tuag taus. Yog tias cov tsos mob ntawm kev ua xua tshwm sim tshwm sim, tam sim ntawd nres siv Spinosad Cream thiab nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd.
Thaum lub sijhawm tos kev pab kho mob, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem pw tiaj tus thiab tsa lawv ob txhais ceg kom cov ntshav ntws rov qab mus rau lub plawv. Yog tias tus neeg mob ua pa nyuaj, kev nqus pa oxygen tuaj yeem siv tau.
Tej zaum yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv sijhawm ntev - lossis siv ntau dhau
Lub sij hawm ntev lossis siv ntau dhau ntawm Spinosad Cream tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij qhuav thiab tev tawm. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov tshuaj yuav cuam tshuam lub ntuj barrier kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua rau kom cov dej ntau ntxiv. Cov tawv nqaij qhuav thiab tev tawm tuaj yeem ua rau khaus thiab tsis xis nyob, thiab thaum mob hnyav, yuav ua rau muaj kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
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