Muaj ib pawg carboxyl thiab ib pawg hydrocarbon nyob hauvpentadecanoic acidmolecule, thiab pawg carboxyl nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm pawg hydrocarbon. Cov mis mos molecular yog C15H30O2. CAS 1002-84-2, dawb, tsis muaj ntxhiab. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej, nws ruaj khov, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li oxidation thiab hydrolysis yuav tshwm sim. Hauv cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob, pentadecanoic acid tuaj yeem decomposed thiab metabolized los ntawm kev ua catalytic ntawm lipase, tso lub zog thiab tsim carbon dioxide thiab dej. Nws feem ntau suav hais tias tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj qee yam tshuaj lom rau qee yam kab mob ntawm qhov siab. Tom qab kev soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb, nws ntseeg tau tias cov khoom yuav tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv raws li kev siv ib txwm muaj. Feem ntau muab tau los ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag rog thiab cov khoom siv quav ciab, nws tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj synthesis. Dav faib nyob rau hauv qhov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv marine kab mob thiab kab nrog siab concentrations.
(Cov khoom txuas: https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/organic-intermediates/pentadecanoic-acid-14-cas{4}}.html)
Pentadecylic acid yog cov roj ntsha siab uas tuaj yeem ua ke los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev hauv chav kuaj. Cov hauv qab no yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntxaws ntxaws thiab kev sib npaug tshuaj lom neeg.
1, Synthesis method 1:
Cov khoom siv raw: benzoic acid, FSM-16 (muaj roj ntau dua fatty acid ester), hexane (hloov), high-pressure mercury teeb.
Kauj ruam:
(1) Sib tov benzoic acid thiab FSM-16 nyob rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem tsim nyog, thiab ntxiv ib tug tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm hexane hnyav los ua ib tug uniform ncua kev kawm ntawv.
(2) Hloov qhov kev ncua mus rau lub teeb hluav taws xob siab mercury thiab irradiate nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub rau qee lub sij hawm los pib qhov kev tshwm sim.
(3) Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lim thiab ntxuav FSM -16 nrog dej kom tshem tawm cov tsis muaj tshuaj benzoic acid thiab hexane.
(4) Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej txo qis, mloog zoo rau cov lim siv cov evaporator teb kom tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj hexane.
(5) Purify cov tshuaj concentrated siv npaj nyias txheej chromatography (TLC) kom tau cov ntshiab pentadecanoic acid.
2, Chemical Equation:
Lub ntsiab lus sib npaug ntawm cov txheej txheem synthesis no yog raws li hauv qab no:
C6H5COOH + FSM-16 → C15H30COOH
Ntawm lawv, C6H5COOH sawv cev rau benzoic acid, FSM -16 sawv cev rau qib fatty acid esters, thiab C15H30COOH sawv cev rau pentadecanoic acid.
3, Kev ceev faj:
Thaum siv lub teeb hluav taws xob siab mercury, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb thiab xyuas kom meej tias kev ua haujlwm tau ua raws li kev coj ua ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.
Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav lawm, FSM -16 yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog dej kom tshem tawm cov tsis muaj tshuaj benzoic acid thiab hexane kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov purity ntawm cov khoom.
Thaum pom cov filtrate nyob rau hauv qhov txo qis, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb xws li boiling los yog tawg.
Thaum siv kev npaj nyias txheej chromatography (TLC) rau kev ua kom huv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv cov kuab tshuaj tsim nyog thiab cov xwm txheej kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
Pentadecylic acid yog cov roj ntsha siab uas tuaj yeem ua ke los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev hauv chav kuaj. Cov hauv qab no yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntxaws ntxaws thiab kev sib npaug tshuaj lom neeg.
1, Synthesis method 2:
Cov khoom siv raw: benzoic acid, FSM-16 (muaj roj ntau dua ester), UV teeb, hnyav (xws li hexane).
Kauj ruam:
(1) Sib tov benzoic acid thiab FSM-16 nyob rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem tsim nyog thiab ntxiv ib tug tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm cov kuab tshuaj los tsim ib tug uniform ncua kev kawm ntawv.
(2) Hloov cov kev ncua mus rau lub teeb ultraviolet thiab irradiate nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm los pib ib qho kev tshwm sim.
(3) Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lim thiab ntxuav FSM -16 nrog dej kom tshem tawm cov tsis muaj tshuaj benzoic acid thiab hnyav.
(4) Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej txo qis, siv lub evaporator rotary kom mloog zoo rau cov lim thiab tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj.
(5) Purify cov tshuaj concentrated siv npaj nyias txheej chromatography (TLC) kom tau cov ntshiab pentadecanoic acid.
2, Chemical Equation:
Lub ntsiab lus sib npaug ntawm cov txheej txheem synthesis no yog raws li hauv qab no:
C6H5COOH + FSM-16 → C15H30COOH
Ntawm lawv, C6H5COOH sawv cev rau benzoic acid, FSM -16 sawv cev rau qib fatty acid esters, thiab C15H30COOH sawv cev rau pentadecanoic acid.
3, Kev ceev faj:
Thaum siv UV teeb, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev nyab xeeb thiab xyuas kom meej tias kev ua haujlwm tau ua raws li kev qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.
Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav lawm, FSM-16 yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog dej kom tshem tawm cov tsis muaj tshuaj benzoic acid thiab hnyav kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau cov khoom purity.
Thaum pom cov filtrate nyob rau hauv qhov txo qis, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb xws li boiling los yog tawg.
Thaum siv kev npaj nyias txheej chromatography (TLC) rau kev ua kom huv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv cov kuab tshuaj tsim nyog thiab cov xwm txheej kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
Lub synthesis ntawm pentadecanoic acid los ntawm palmitic acid yog ib qho kev siv hauv chaw kuaj mob.
Cov hauv qab no yog cov kauj ruam ntxaws ntxaws thiab sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj sib npaug:
1, Raw khoom thiab reagents:
Palmic acid: Txoj kev no siv cov kua qaub palmitic ua cov khoom pib.
Sulfuric acid: Sulfuric acid yog siv los ua ib qho catalyst kom ceev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Methanol: Methanol ua cov kuab tshuaj, ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo sib xws.
Sodium sulfate: Sodium sulfate yog siv rau quenching cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, piv txwv li txiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Sodium hydroxide: Sodium hydroxide yog siv los ua kom tsis muaj zog acidic ib puag ncig tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
2, Cov kauj ruam ntxaws:
(1) Dissolve ib qho nyiaj ntawm palmitic acid hauv methanol los ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem.
(2) Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nplawm, ntxiv ib qho tsim nyog ntawm sulfuric acid rau cov tshuaj raws li cov catalyst.
(3) Ua kom sov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xyaw kom haum rau qhov kub thiab txias (feem ntau yog 70-80 degree ) thiab tuav nws rau ib lub sijhawm (xws li 1-2 teev) los txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
(4) Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nce mus txog qib uas xav tau (uas tuaj yeem saib xyuas los ntawm TLC), cov dej tsim nyog tau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xyaw kom tua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
(5) Tom qab quenching, ntxiv ib qho tsim nyog ntawm sodium hydroxide rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov kom tsis txhob muaj sulfuric acid ntau dhau.
(6) Extract pentadecanoic acid los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xyaw nrog methanol thiab tau txais cov tshuaj methanol ntawm pentadecanoic acid los ntawm kev sib cais kua.
(7) Siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tig kom tshem tawm cov tshuaj methanol los ntawm cov tshuaj methanol thiab tau txais cov kua qaub pentadecanoic.
(8) Recrystallize lub crude pentadecanoic acid nrog ib tug tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm cov roj av ether kom tau high-purity pentadecanoic acid.
3, Chemical Equation:
Cov tshuaj sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem qhia tau tias:
C15H31COV + H2O → C15H30COV + H2O
Ntawm lawv, C15H31COOH sawv cev rau palmitic acid, thiab C15H30COOH sawv cev rau pentadecanoic acid.
4, Kev ceev faj:
Thaum siv sulfuric acid los ua catalyst, yuav tsum tau ceev faj ntxiv vim sulfuric acid muaj zog corrosiveness.
Thaum cua sov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo kom tsis txhob muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm cua sov ntau dhau.
Thaum lub sij hawm quenching cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov sulfuric acid yog neutralized kom tsis txhob muaj peev xwm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam tom ntej.
Nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam recrystallization, xaiv cov kuab tshuaj uas tsim nyog thiab cov xwm txheej yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ua tiav qhov kev sib cais zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev ua pa zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog yuav tsum tau khaws cia thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem sim.
Nws raug nquahu kom ua qhov kev sim ua haujlwm raws li kev qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.
Cov saum toj no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws cov kauj ruam thiab sib npaug tshuaj sib npaug rau synthesizing pentadecanoic acid los ntawm palmitic acid. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov txheej txheem sib txawv yuav xav tau cov khoom sib txawv, cov xwm txheej, thiab cov kauj ruam, yog li kev hloov kho thiab kev ua kom zoo yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev sim thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom, nws raug nquahu kom ua qhov kev sim ua raws li kev coj ua ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.