Scopolamine(Hyoscine)(txuas:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/hyoscine-powder-cas-138-12-5.html) yog dawb crystalline hmoov los yog crystalline hmoov, tsw tsw, iab saj, soluble nyob rau hauv organic solvents xws li dej, cawv thiab chloroform. Nws ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab muaj zog acids, tab sis yuav decompose hauv alkaline xov xwm. Cov mis mos molecular yog C17H21NO4, CAS C17H21NO4, thiab qhov hnyav molecular yog 303.35 g / mol. Yog ib tug chiral molecule, lub hav zoov ntawm optical isomers. Nws cov isomers tseem ceeb yog D-Scopolamine thiab L-Scopolamine. Lawv qhov kev sib hloov kho qhov muag thiab kev hloov kho qhov muag sib txawv. Nws muaj cov teebmeem anticholinergic thiab exerts pharmacological teebmeem los ntawm kev sib tw khi rau acetylcholine receptors. Nws kuj muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, antiadrenaline, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev piav qhia ntawm lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb:
1. Cov teebmeem Anticholinergic: Scopolamine yog ib qho tshuaj anticholinergic uas ua los ntawm kev sib tw nrog cov neurotransmitter acetylcholine ntawm receptors. Lub tshuab pharmacological no ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau cov ntawv kho mob thiab tsis yog tshuaj kho mob, suav nrog cov uas tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
2. Cov teebmeem sedative thiab hypnotic: Scopolamine feem ntau yog siv rau sedation thiab hypnosis ua ntej kev phais los pab txo qis kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab thiab txhawb kev pw tsaug zog hauv cov neeg mob. Nws yog feem ntau siv los pab tshuaj loog hauv kev phais, thiab ua ib qho sedative hauv chav saib xyuas mob hnyav (ICU).
3. Kev kho mob ntawm kev txav mus los: Scopolamine tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau zoo thiab txo qee yam kev txav mus los, xws li kev mob seasickness, aerial motion sickness, thiab car motion sickness. Nws txo qhov xeev siab thiab ntuav los ntawm suppressing lub excitation ntawm lub paj hlwb vagus.
4. Kev kho cov kab mob hauv plab: Scopolamine muaj qee yam kev siv hauv plab hnyuv. Nws yog siv los kho plab hnyuv spasms thiab overactivity ntawm lub digestive system thiab yog zoo heev nyob rau hauv kev tswj GI spasms thiab txo GI secretions.
5. Cov ntawv thov kho qhov muag: Scopolamine tuaj yeem ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm nthuav dav thiab ua kom pom kev zoo dua, thiab siv rau qee qhov kev kuaj qhov muag thiab kev phais. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev kuaj mob, kev phais hloov lub lens, thiab lwm yam xwm txheej uas tus menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau dilated.
6. Prophylaxis thiab kev kho mob ntawm induced emetics: Kev siv Scopolamine nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj loog yuav txo tau xeev siab thiab ntuav thaum lub sij hawm rov qab los ntawm tshuaj loog. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeev siab ua ke nrog cov tshuaj loog dav dav kom txo tau qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev phais thiab tshuaj loog rau cov neeg mob.
7. Cov ntawv thov kev puas siab puas ntsws: Scopolamine kuj tuaj yeem siv los kho qee yam kev puas siab puas ntsws. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nws tau siv rau hauv kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas nws cov peev xwm kho tau rau kev nyuaj siab. Qee cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Scopolamine tuaj yeem txhim kho kev xav thiab kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm hauv cov neeg muaj kev nyuaj siab.
8. Lwm yam kev siv: Ntxiv rau cov ntawv kho mob uas tau hais los saum toj no, Scopolamine kuj tseem siv rau qee qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, nws yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj canine los kho cov teeb meem ntawm plab hnyuv thiab tswj cov salivation ntau dhau, thiab nws tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev xa tshuaj dermal los pab rau kev nkag mus ntawm cov tshuaj.
Scopolamine (scopolamine) yog ib qho tseem ceeb alkaloid nrog ntau yam kev siv tshuaj. Nws nomenclature hais txog cov nroj tsuag nws tau muab los ntawm, nws cov qauv tshuaj, thiab kev koom tes ntawm nws cov chemists.
1. Nroj tsuag qhov chaw:
Scopolamine yog thawj zaug cais tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag, feem ntau yog los ntawm scopolamine genus (Datura), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog scopolamine (Datura stramonium) thiab datura (Datura hlau). Cov nroj tsuag no tau faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb, suav nrog thaj chaw xws li Asia, Europe, Africa, thiab Asmeskas.
2. Cov qauv thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg:
Scopolamine yog ib qho alkaloid teej tug mus rau alkaloid atropine analogues nrog ib tug complex nplhaib qauv. Nws lub npe tshuaj yog (1S,3R,5R,6R,7S)-6,7-dihydrobenzophenane-1,3,5-triol.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Scopolamine muaj xws li:
- Benzene nplhaib (aromatic nplhaib): lub nplhaib qauv nrog rau 6 carbon atoms, uas yog hloov nrog ob pawg hydroxyl (OH). Lub nplhaib no hu ua lub nplhaib monane.
- Ob pawg hydroxyl ntawm lub nplhaib benzene: nyob ntawm carbon atom 1 thiab carbon atom 3 raws li.
- Txoj hauj lwm ntawm hydroxyl (OH) hloov pauv: Scopolamine muaj hydroxyl ntxiv ntawm carbon 5.
3. Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe:
Lub npe Scopolamine yog muab los ntawm cov nroj tsuag Latin lub npe Scopolia ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm lom neeg. Scopolia, ib tsob nroj genus ntsig txog scopolamine, kuj muaj cov alkaloids zoo sib xws. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev sib txuas cov npe ntawm cov nroj tsuag no, lub npe hu ua Scopolamine.
4. Kev koom tes ntawm cov kws tshuaj muaj feem xyuam:
a) Jean-Pierre-Joseph Pelletier thiab Joseph Bienaimé Caventou:
Cov khub ntawm Fabkis chemists yog cov pioneers thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm alkaloids. Xyoo 1819, Pelletier thiab Caventou thawj zaug cais Scopolamine los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm genus Scopolamine thiab txiav txim siab nws cov qauv tshuaj.
b) Albert Ladenburg:
German chemist Albert Ladenburg tau kawm ntxiv txog cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Scopolamine thiab tau tshaj tawm cov qauv qauv ntawm Scopolamine nyob ib ncig ntawm 1880.
c) Arthur Heffter:
Tus kws muag tshuaj German Arthur Heffter tau tshawb fawb ntau yam nyob rau xyoo 19th thiab thaum ntxov 20th centuries, tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj thiab tshuaj tshuaj ntawm Scopolamine thiab lwm yam alkaloids.