AOD peptide(AOD-P) (txuas:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/peptide/aod-9604-powder-cas-221231-10-3.html) yog ib qho khoom siv hluavtaws tripeptide molecule nrog ib qho me me molecular hnyav ntawm kwv yees li 377 Daltons. Nws muaj ib qho kev hloov pauv, qhov twg nws peb cov amino acids nyob rau hauv perpendicular rau ib leeg, tsim cov qauv geometric ruaj khov. Qhov kev hloov pauv no muab AOD peptides siab ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm. Nws muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nqus dej ncov hauv UV pom spectrum, nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws nqus wavelength ntawm 279 nanometers. Los ntawm kev hloov cov kuab tshuaj los yog ntxiv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau ions, cov kev hloov spectral tseem ceeb tuaj yeem pom. Nws muaj qhov sib txawv solubility thiab acid-base zog nyob rau hauv txawv pH tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob, AOD peptides nqa ib tug zoo nqi; Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab tej yam kev mob, nws nqa tsis tau nqi; Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline, nws nqa tus nqi tsis zoo. Nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab. Nyob rau hauv cov cua kub, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv nws cov khoom solubility thiab fluorescence. Tom qab denaturation ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov qauv thib ob ntawm AOD peptide tseem nyob ruaj khov.
Cov hauv qab no yog cov qauv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib xws rau tsib txoj kev sib xyaw peptide:
1. Tshuaj synthesis txoj kev: feem ntau yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab deprotection cov kauj ruam. Noj cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke raws li ib qho piv txwv, cov amino acids tiv thaiv los ntawm cov amino acids (xws li Boc amino acids) yog thawj zaug nrog activators (xws li DCC) los tsim peptide chains thiab amino esters. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem qhia tau tias:
(Boc amino acid) n + DCC + (HR-COOH) n → (Boc amino acid) nH2N CO - (R-COOH) n + DCC-HCl
2. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej: Hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheej txheej txheej, peptide chains yog tsim los ntawm reacting pre tiv thaiv amino acids nrog activators los tsim cov amino esters ntawm cov cab kuj. Kev tso tawm ntawm peptide chains yog ua tiav los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Ib qho kev sib raug zoo-state synthesis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem qhia tau tias:
(HR-COOH) n+(Boc amino acid) m+(HR-COOH) m → (R-COOH) nH2N-CO - (Boc amino acid) m → (R-COOH) nH2N-CO - (R-COOH) m+ (Boc amino acid) m - HCl
3. Liquid phase synthesis method: Nyob rau hauv cov kua theem synthesis, amino acids react nrog crosslinking agents thiab activators los tsim peptide chains. Noj cov tshuaj ua kua-theem synthesis raws li ib qho piv txwv, ib qho activator (xws li DCC) yog thawj zaug ntxiv rau cov tshuaj amino acid los tsim cov amino acid acyl derivative, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov molecule thib ob ntawm cov amino acid ntxiv rau daim dipeptide. Ib hom kua theem synthesis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem qhia tau tias:
(HR-COOH) n+DCC → (HR-COOH) nNHCO-DCC
(HR-COOH) nNHCO-DCC+(HR '- COOH) m → (HR' - COOH) mNHCO - (R-COOH) n + DCC-HCl
4. Combination synthesis method: Combination synthesis method yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov amino acid sab saw sib txawv thiab cov khoom tawg los tsim cov peptides uas xav tau. Ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem sawv cev raws li:
(H-R1 COOH) n+(HR2-COOH) m → (H-R1 COOH) nNHCO - (R2) COOH+(H-R2) COOHmNHCO - (R1) COOH
5. Enzymatic synthesis: Enzymatic synthesis siv cov catalytic kev ua ntawm enzymes los txhawb kev tsim cov peptide bonds. Noj cov tshuaj enzymatic synthesis raws li ib qho piv txwv, ua ntej, cov amino acids tiv thaiv los ntawm cov amino pawg thiab cov amino acid substrates tiv thaiv los ntawm carboxyl pawg yog tov nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm deprotective agents, thiab ces enzymes ntxiv rau catalyze tsim peptide bonds. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv enzymatic synthesis tuaj yeem qhia tau tias:
(Boc amino acid) n+(Boc '- COOH) m → (Boc' - NH - (CH2) n) (CH2) (NH) (CH2) n - COOH + Boc NHCH3+BOC '- NHCH{ {11}}HCl
AOD peptide yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tripeptide molecule, uas muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo ib yam li peptides zoo tib yam thiab kuj muaj qee yam khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov nram qab no yog cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm qee cov AOD peptides:
1. Amino acid sequence: AOD peptide yog tsim los ntawm peb cov amino acid molecules txuas nrog peptide bonds, thiab nws cov amino acid sequence yog AOD. Cov kab ke no tuaj yeem tsim thiab hloov kho raws li qhov xav tau kom ua tiav cov khoom siv physicochemical thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg.
2. Molecular hnyav: Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm AOD peptides kuj me me, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 500 Daltons. Qhov hnyav molecular no zoo dua rau kev nqus ntawm tes thiab kev faib tawm.
3. Kev ruaj ntseg: AOD peptides muaj qee qhov kev ruaj ntseg thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov degradation ntawm cov enzymes hauv lub cev mus rau qee yam.
4. Solubility: AOD peptides muaj qee qhov kev solubility thiab tuaj yeem yaj hauv dej thiab lwm yam polar solvents. Nws solubility feem ntau muaj feem xyuam rau yam xws li kub, pH tus nqi, thiab hom hnyav.
5. Cov yam ntxwv fluorescence: AOD peptides muaj cov yam ntxwv fluorescence tshwj xeeb thiab tuaj yeem tso cov yam ntxwv fluorescence nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si ultraviolet thiab pom spectra. Cov yam ntxwv fluorescence no tuaj yeem siv rau kev soj ntsuam zoo thiab ntau yam ntawm peptides.
6. Hlau ion binding muaj peev xwm: AOD peptides feem ntau muaj qee yam ntawm cov hlau ion binding muaj peev xwm, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog qee cov hlau ions los tsim cov xim hloov lossis lwm yam kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
7. Cell membrane permeability: AOD peptides tuaj yeem nkag mus rau sab hauv ntawm cov hlwb los ntawm cov cell membrane thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov proteins, nucleic acids, thiab lwm cov roj ntsha molecules hauv lub cell los tsim cov haujlwm lom neeg tshwj xeeb.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, AOD peptide, raws li ib tug artificially synthesized tripeptide molecule, muaj ib co tshwj xeeb tshuaj zog uas yuav siv tau rau kev loj hlob, tsom xam, thiab siv cov tshuaj peptide.
AOD peptide yog ib qho khoom siv hluavtaws tripeptide molecule, uas nws cov qauv molecular yog tsim los ntawm peb cov amino acids txuas nrog peptide bonds. Cov hauv qab no yog qee qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov qauv molecular ntawm AOD peptides:
(1) Amino acid sequence: Cov amino acid sequence ntawm AOD peptide yog AOD, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yog tsim los ntawm aspartic acid (A) residue, leucine (O) residue, thiab phenylalanine (D) residue txuas nrog peptide bonds . Cov kab ke no yog lub hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm AOD peptides, uas tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv thiab hloov kho los ntawm kev ntxiv lwm cov amino acid residues lossis hloov cov pab pawg.
(2) Peptide daim ntawv cog lus: peptide daim ntawv cog lus hauv AOD peptide yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov qauv molecular, tsim los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej thiab condensation ntawm ib pawg amino ntawm ib cov amino acid nrog ib pawg carboxyl ntawm lwm cov amino acid. Peptide bonds txuas peb cov amino acids ua ke los tsim ib qho tripeptide molecule.
(3) Stereo conformation: AOD peptides muaj qhov tshwj xeeb stereoconformation, uas yog, lawv muaj qhov tshwj xeeb peb-dimensional spatial configuration. Qhov no stereoconformation yog txiav txim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam thiab spatial kev npaj ntawm amino acids. Lub stereoconformation ntawm AOD peptides muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau lawv cov khoom siv physicochemical thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg.
(4) Cov pab pawg hloov kho: Cov kab sib txuas ntawm AOD peptides tuaj yeem muaj cov pab pawg hloov kho, xws li pawg phosphate, pawg suab thaj, pawg methylation, thiab lwm yam. Cov pab pawg hloov kho no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv physicochemical thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm AOD peptides, xws li hloov lawv cov solubility. , stability, thiab cell membrane permeability.
(5) Molecular conformation: AOD peptide molecules muaj ib qho kev sib haum xeeb, uas feem ntau yog nyob ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lawv cov amino acid ib ntus thiab cov pab pawg sab nrauv. Hauv kev daws teeb meem, AOD peptides tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv ntau qhov sib txawv, thiab cov kev sib txawv no tuaj yeem hloov mus rau ib leeg.
(6) Hydrogen bonding thiab hydrophobic kev sib cuam tshuam: Kev sib txuas ntawm hydrogen thiab hydrophobic kev sib cuam tshuam hauv AOD peptide molecules yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm lawv cov stereoconformation thiab stability. Hydrogen bonds feem ntau muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm peptide bonds thiab sab chains, nrog rau ntawm sab chains, thaum hydrophobic kev sib cuam tshuam feem ntau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm sab chains.
(7) Isoelectric point: Lub isoelectric point ntawm AOD peptide yog tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj thaum nws cov nqi them yog xoom. Vim lub fact tias tag nrho peb cov amino acids nyob rau hauv AOD peptide molecule yog acidic amino acids (aspartic acid thiab leucine), lawv cov ntsiab lus isoelectric tsawg, feem ntau ntawm pH 3-4.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev tshuaj xyuas cov qauv molecular ntawm AOD peptides tuaj yeem pab peb nkag siab zoo dua lawv cov khoom siv lub cev thiab cov haujlwm lom neeg, yog li muab lub hauv paus theoretical rau kev txhim kho thiab siv cov tshuaj peptide.