Articaine HCl, cov tshuaj formula yog C13H20N2O3S·HCl, CAS 23964-57-0. Yog ib qho tshuaj loog hauv zos siv dav hauv kev kho hniav thiab lwm yam kev phais. Nws yog hydrochloride ntsev daim ntawv ntawm Articaine thiab muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb txheej ntawm tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yog cov qauv plaub-ntiv nplhaib uas muaj lub nplhaib benzene, lub nplhaib thiophene, pawg methylpropylaminocarboxyl thiab ib pawg alkyl. Muaj chiral carbon atom, yog li muaj ob enantiomers: (S)-Articaine HCl thiab (R)-Articaine HCl. Nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hydrochloride, yog li nws yog acidic. Thaum Articaine HCl yaj nyob rau hauv dej, nws tag nrho dissociates rau zoo nqi Articaine cations thiab chloride ions (Cl-). Cov txheej txheem dissociation no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab uas nyob ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kua qaub hauv cov tshuaj. Cov enantiomers sib txawv muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag sib txawv, ntawm cov (S)-Articaine HCl muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb kho qhov muag. Solubility yuav txawv ntawm pH qhov sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob, lub solubility yuav txo me ntsis, thaum nyob rau hauv alkaline ib puag ncig, solubility yuav siab dua. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau kho raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab cov xwm txheej thaum cov tshuaj raug tsim thiab siv.
(Cov khoom txuas 1:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/articaine-hcl-powder-cas-23964-57-0.html
(Cov khoom txuas 2:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/articaine-hydrochloride-powder-cas-23964-57-0.html)
Articaine HCl muaj cov tshuaj loog thiab tshuaj loog. Nws cov qauv molecular yog raws li nram no:
1. Hydrogen thiab ionic bonds:
Muaj hydrogen bonds thiab ionic bonds nyob rau hauv lub molecule ntawm Articaine HCl. Hydrogen bonds yog cov nyiaj tsis muaj zog uas tsim los ntawm hydrogen atoms hauv Articaine thiab electronegative atoms hauv lwm cov molecules (xws li oxygen, nitrogen, thiab lwm yam). Cov hydrogen bonds pab txhawb kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm Articaine thiab lwm cov qauv molecular, xws li tshuaj khi rau receptors. Tib lub sijhawm, cationic moieties hauv Articaine HCl tsim ionic bonds nrog cov anionic moieties xws li chloride ions.
2. Cov yam ntxwv zoo:
Cov qauv molecular ntawm Articaine HCl tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm ob yam: cov organic thiab qhov cationic.
- Organic seem:
Cov organic ib feem ntawm Articaine HCl muaj ib lub nplhaib benzene, ib lub nplhaib thiophene, ib pawg methylpropylaminocarboxyl, thiab ib pawg alkyl. Ib pawg methyl thiab ib pawg propylaminocarboxyl txuas rau lub nplhaib benzene. Muaj ib pawg methyl txuas rau lub nplhaib thiophene. Cov pab pawg alkyl txuas nrog cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm lub nplhaib thiophene. Cov pab pawg organic no tso cai rau Articaine HCl nrog cov tshuaj ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv roj ntsha.
- Cationic feem:
Articaine HCl yog hydrochloride ntsev tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm Articaine nrog hydrochloric acid. Nws muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm Articaine cation thiab chloride ion (Cl-). Qhov cationic moiety no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev cuam tshuam nrog cov chaw tshuaj loog, yog li tsim cov tshuaj loog hauv zos.
3. Peb-dimensional qauv:
Articaine HCl molecules muaj chiral carbon atoms, yog li muaj ob enantiomers: (S)-Articaine HCl thiab (R)-Articaine HCl. Ob lub isomers no yog daim iav duab nyob rau hauv spatial configuration thiab muaj tib yam tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom lom yuav txawv me ntsis.
Articaine HCl yog ib qho tshuaj loog hauv zos uas tsim cov tshuaj loog thiab muab kev kho mob los ntawm daim ntawv thov hauv zos. Pharmacokinetics piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqus, kev faib tawm, cov metabolism hauv thiab tshem tawm cov tshuaj hauv lub cev.
1. Kev nqus dej:
Articaine HCl feem ntau yog absorbed los ntawm tshuaj loog tshuaj loog thiab infiltration tshuaj loog ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv zos. Nws nkag mus sai sai los ntawm cov paj hlwb thiab lwm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab mus txog qhov chaw ua haujlwm sai. Kev nqus tau nrawm, feem ntau ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv feeb.
2. Kev faib tawm:
Articaine HCl yog dav faib nyob rau hauv lub cev, nrog rau cov paj hlwb, cov leeg nqaij thiab lwm yam ntaub so ntswg. Nws tuaj yeem hla cov hlab ntsha-hlwb thaiv thiab nkag mus rau hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb. Lub ntim loj ntawm kev faib tawm (Vd) ntawm Articaine HCl tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog nws lipophilicity.
3. Metabolism:
Articaine HCl yog metabolized nyob rau hauv lub siab mus rau ntau yam metabolites. Lub ntsiab metabolic txoj kev yog hloov ntawm Articaine HCl rau articainic acid methyl ester thiab lwm yam metabolites los ntawm kev ua ntawm esterases xws li cholinesterase nyob rau hauv daim siab. Cov metabolites no yuav raug ntxiv metabolized los ntawm enzyme systems hauv lub siab.
4. Kev tso tawm:
Articaine HCl thiab nws cov metabolites feem ntau yog tawm los ntawm ob lub raum thiab tawm los ntawm cov zis. Kwv yees li ntawm 80-90 feem pua ntawm cov koob tshuaj tau tso tawm hauv cov zis hauv daim ntawv uas tsis muaj metabolized. Lub excretion ib nrab-lub neej (t1/2) ntawm unmetabolized Articaine HCl nyob rau hauv cov zis yog kwv yees li 1.5 mus rau 2.5 teev.
5. Muaj feem cuam tshuam:
Ntau yam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau pharmacokinetics ntawm Articaine HCl, suav nrog kev sib txawv ntawm tus kheej, hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej, lub siab ua haujlwm, lub raum ua haujlwm, thiab kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam tshuaj. Qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kheej yuav ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nqus thiab tshem tawm ntawm Articaine HCl hauv cov neeg mob sib txawv. Hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tshuaj metabolism thiab tso tawm. Hepatic thiab lub raum tsis txaus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm cov metabolism thiab tso tawm ntawm Articaine HCl. Kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov tshuaj pharmacokinetics ntawm Articaine HCl.
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Articaine HCl yog cov tshuaj siv dav hauv cov txheej txheem kho hniav thiab tshuaj loog hauv zos. Nws belongs rau cov chav kawm amide ntawm cov tshuaj loog hauv zos thiab muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj loog piv rau lwm cov tshuaj loog hauv zos xws li lidocaine thiab procaine.
1. Pharmacological mechanism:
Cov teebmeem pharmacological ntawm Articaine HCl feem ntau pom tau los ntawm kev thaiv cov sodium channel ntawm cov paj hlwb. Nws thaiv cov hlab ntsha impulses los ntawm inhibiting qhov nkag ntawm sodium ions rau hauv cov hlab ntsha hlwb, yog li ua rau cov tshuaj loog hauv zos. Piv nrog rau cov tshuaj loog hauv zos ib txwm muaj, Articaine HCl muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov sodium raws, pib sai thiab ntev ntawm kev ua.
2. Narcotic teebmeem:
Cov tshuaj loog tseem ceeb ntawm Articaine HCl muaj xws li tshuaj loog hauv zos, infiltration anesthesia thiab tshuaj loog. Cov nyhuv tshuaj loog hauv zos yog ua tiav los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha ntawm Articaine HCl rau hauv lub hom phiaj, feem ntau siv rau ntau yam kev kho hniav thiab kev kho hniav. Cov nyhuv infiltration anesthesia yog ua tiav los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj Articaine HCl rau hauv lub hom phiaj ib puag ncig cov ntaub so ntswg hauv zos, haum rau kev phais me thiab kev kho mob. Cov nyhuv tshuaj loog yog ua tiav los ntawm kev txau lossis smearing Articaine HCl rau ntawm qhov chaw mucosal, uas feem ntau yog siv rau tshuaj loog ntawm cov pos hniav thiab qhov ncauj mucosa.
3. Pharmacokinetic yam ntxwv:
Articaine HCl yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nqus sai thiab cov tshuaj loog sai. Nws nkag mus sai sai los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv feeb. Articaine HCl muaj bioavailability siab txog 90 feem pua. Nws muaj qhov sib txuas ntawm cov protein tsawg tsuas yog 20 feem pua, uas txhais tau hais tias nws muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav hauv daim ntawv dawb. Articaine HCl feem ntau yog metabolized los ntawm lub siab, hloov mus rau ntau yam metabolites, thiab tawm los ntawm ob lub raum.
4. Kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis zoo tshwm sim:
Articaine HCl feem ntau suav hais tias yog tshuaj loog hauv zos muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo. Nws muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog ib ntus thiab thim rov qab. Cov kev phiv tshwm sim feem ntau muaj xws li khaus hauv zos, loog loog, mob leeg, kiv taub hau, xeev siab thiab ntuav. Kev tsis haum tshuaj hnyav thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neurotoxic yog tsawg heev.
5. Kev siv thiab kev siv:
Articaine HCl yog siv dav hauv cov txheej txheem kho hniav thiab kev kho hniav. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tshem tawm cov hniav, kho cov kwj dej hauv paus, kho dua tshiab thiab kev phais mob thiab lwm yam. Articaine HCl kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj xws li vasoconstrictors thiab epinephrine kom ntev lub sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj loog hauv zos thiab txhim kho hemostasis.
6. Kev txiav txim siab pej xeem tshwj xeeb:
Rau cov neeg tshwj xeeb xws li menyuam yaus, cov neeg laus, thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, kev siv Articaine HCl yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thiab ceev faj. Thaum muab tshuaj loog hauv zos rau cov menyuam yaus, cov koob tshuaj yuav tsum tau hloov kho raws li hnub nyoog thiab qhov hnyav, thiab cov tshuaj loog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom zoo. Cov neeg laus thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb thaum siv Articaine HCl thiab yuav tsum siv raws li kev qhia ntawm tus kws kho mob.