Shaanxi BLOOM Tech Co., Ltd. yog ib tug ntawm cov uas paub txog manufacturers thiab lwm tus neeg ntawm adrenalone hydrochloride cas 62-13-5 nyob rau hauv Suav teb. Txais tos rau cov lag luam wholesale bulk zoo adrenalone hydrochloride cas 62-13-5 rau muag ntawm no los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Kev pabcuam zoo thiab tus nqi tsim nyog muaj.
Adrenalone hydrochloride, tshuaj npe [2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl] methylamine chloride, brownish grey crystalline hmoov, me ntsis soluble hauv dej, cawv thiab ether. Nws cov hydrochloride yog yooj yim soluble hauv dej, ethanol thiab ether. Chloroacetyl catechol tau tsim los ntawm catechol, chloroacetic acid thiab phosphorus oxychloride los ntawm Freund gram cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab ces aminated nrog methylamine kom tau adrenocorticotone.
Adrenalone hcl, tshuaj formula C9H13NO3 · HCl, CAS 62-13-5, txheeb ze molecular hnyav 227.67. Nws yog dawb crystalline los yog crystalline hmoov. Cov hmoov no feem ntau tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab soluble hauv dej. Nws muaj zoo solubility hauv dej. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, nws tuaj yeem yaj sai sai thiab tsim cov xim tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab. Cov tshuaj yog acidic. Nws cov acidity tuaj yeem qhia los ntawm tus nqi pH. Feem ntau, pH ntau ntawm nws cov tshuaj yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2.5 thiab 4.5. Muaj chiral carbon atom nyob rau hauv cov qauv, yog li nws yog ib tug chiral compound. Nws tuaj yeem muaj ob hom optical isomers, D-hom thiab L-hom, thiab lawv qhov kev sib hloov kho qhov muag muaj feem xyuam rau lawv cov kev ua haujlwm kho qhov muag. Nws yog ib qho tsis muaj zog alkaline. Nws yog rhiab heev rau lub teeb, yog li ntev raug rau lub hnub yuav tsum tau zam thaum npaj thiab siv. Raws li ib tug bio reagent, nws muaj ntau yam kev siv. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho cov kab mob plawv, kev tsim kho lub plawv thiab kev tiv thaiv, cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb hauv chaw soj nstuam, thiab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tshuaj thiab kev txhim kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob nrog rau lwm yam kev siv hauv chav kuaj.
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Tshuaj Formula |
C9H12 NPO 3 |
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Exact Mass |
217 |
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Molecular Luj |
218 |
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m/z |
217 (100.0%), 219 (32.0%), 218 (9.7%), 220 (3.1%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 49,67; H, 5,56; Kuv, 16.29; N, 6,44; O, 22.05 Nws |
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj cov khoom los ntawm chloroacetylcatechol thiab methylamine, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tswj nyob rau hauv dej cawv tov, thiab tetrabutyl amine bromide los yog tetrabutyl ammonium iodide yog xaiv raws li theem hloov catalyst Cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cawv tov, tag nrho cov kev kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau nce, thiab tetrabutylammonium iodide yog ntxiv theem ntawm tetrabutylamine b. Hloov cov catalyst, uas ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev, ua kom lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab txo cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm impurities Tsis muaj refining, cov khoom zoo tuaj yeem npaj tau ib zaug, uas muab cov khoom zoo nruab nrab rau kev npaj ntawm L adrenaline.
Adrenalone Hydrochloride(Epinephrine hydrochloride) yog ib qho tseem ceeb compound dav siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab chemistry. Nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ua rau nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau daim ntawv thov.
-Cov kab mob plawv: nws yog ib hom kab mob plawv nrog thiab Tshuaj nrog Adrenergic receptor kev ua. Nws yog dav siv los kho tus mob Hypotension thiab poob siab thaum lub plawv nres, plawv nres, kev phais plawv, thiab lwm yam. Nws ua kom cov ntshav ncig thiab tswj cov ntshav siab los ntawm kev cog lus cov hlab ntsha, ua rau myocardial contractility, thiab lub plawv dhia.
-Bronchiectasis: Nws kuj yog siv los ua Bronchiectasis los kho cov kab mob ua pa xws li mob hawb pob thiab mob ntsws ntsws ntev. Nws ua rau 2 receptors, so kom txaus bronchial du nqaij, alleviate airway obstructions, thiab ua pa.
-Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis haum: Adrenalone Hydrolide kuj tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj, suav nrog zaub mov tsis haum, tshuaj tsis haum tshuaj thiab kab tom. Nws alleviates cov tsos mob tsis haum los ntawm constricting cov hlab ntsha, txo cov ntaub so ntswg edema, thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj chains.
-Tus neeg saib xyuas hemostatic hauv zos: Vim nws cov nyhuv vasoconstrictive, nws kuj tseem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev hemostatic los txo cov ntshav los ntshav. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv zos lossis txhaj rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ncig lub qhov txhab kom ua tiav cov nyhuv hemostatic.
2. Chemical synthesis:
Nws yog npaj los ntawm kev hloov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm adrenaline. Adrenaline yog ib qho endogenous hormone thiab neurotransmitter tam sim no nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, uas yog raw khoom rau synthesizing.Adrenalone Hydrochloride. Nws tuaj yeem tsim tau los ntawm kev qhia txog hydrochloric acid (HCl) pawg rau hauv nws cov molecules. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj synthesis no tau siv dav thiab tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv chav kuaj thiab ntawm kev lag luam.
-Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj: Vim nws muaj ntau hom kev ua ub no, nws kuj yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv kev tshawb fawb tshuaj. Piv txwv li, hauv kev kawm txog cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Adrenergic receptor thiab nws cov tshuaj cuam tshuam txog kev txhim kho, Adrenalone Hydrolide tuaj yeem siv rau kev txiav txim siab ua haujlwm, ligand binding thwmsim, thiab lwm yam.
-Kev tshuaj ntsuam chemistry: Adrenalone Hydrolide kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv Kev Tshawb Fawb chemistry. Raws li nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm lwm yam tshuaj, xws li adrenaline thiab lwm yam sib txuas.
Thaum piav qhia cov kauj ruam ntxaws ntxaws rau kev npaj adrenaline hydrochloride siv chloroacetyl catechol (xav tias nws cov qauv yog chloroacetyl pawg ncaj qha txuas rau ib pawg hydroxyl ntawm catechol, piv txwv li . 2-chloroacetoxy-1,3-diol) thiab methylamine, peb yuav tsum paub tias qhov no tsis tuaj yeem yog cov txheej txheem ncaj qha thiab yooj yim xya kauj ruam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Cov kauj ruam no feem ntau tsis pib nrog chloroacetyl catechol, vim tias nws yuav yog ib qho nruab nrab uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm lwm txoj kev. Tab sis rau kev ua tiav, peb xav tias chloroacetyl catechol yog npaj los ntawm chloroacetylation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pib los ntawm catechol (1,3-benzenediol).
1,3-benzenediol + chloroacetyl chloride → 2-chloroacetoxy-1,3-diol + HCl
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob, xws li siv poov tshuaj carbonate los yog triethylamine ua lub hauv paus, thiab cua sov nyob rau hauv reflux nyob rau hauv ib tug tsim nyog hnyav (xws li dichloromethane los yog DMF). Cov tshuaj chlorine atom ntawm chloroacetyl chloride yog hloov los ntawm pawg hydroxyl ntawm catechol, tsim cov khoom lag luam thiab hydrogen chloride.
Hauv cov kauj ruam no, chlorine atom ntawm chloroacetyl catechol yog hloov los ntawm cov amino pawg ntawm methylamine, tsim N-methyl chloroacetyl catechol.
2-chloroacetoxy-1,3-diol+methylamine → N-methyl-2-chloroacetoxy-1,3-diol+HCl
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau yog ua raws li alkaline tej yam kev mob los txhawb nucleophilic nres ntawm methylamine. Cov hauv paus muaj xws li potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, lossis triethylamine. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav tuaj yeem yog ethanol, DMF, THF, thiab lwm yam.
Cov kauj ruam no yeej muaj ntau yam kev cuam tshuam, vim nws yuav tsum tau muaj kev qhia txog cov saw hlau sab thiab cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau adrenal ketones (xws li - hydroxyl, -} methyl, thiab lwm yam). Vim muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kauj ruam no, kuv tau sau cov ntsiab lus rau hauv ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb es tsis yog cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb.
(1) Kev Taw Qhia ntawm alpha methyl: Qhov no feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm Grignard reagent cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov twg methyl Grignard reagent reacts nrog ib qho tsim nyog ketone los yog aldehyde los tsim ib qho alpha methylated intermediate. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv txoj kev siv hluavtaws tshwj xeeb no, peb yuav tsum xub hloov cov chloroacetyl pawg txhawm rau ua kom paub cov methyl pawg.
(2) Tsim - hydroxy pawg: Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, xws li aldol condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, hydration ntawm olefins, los yog lub nplhaib qhib kev tawm tsam ntawm epoxides. Cov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm tus qauv ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim.
(3) Kev txo qis thiab oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov saw hlau, ntau yam kev txo qis thiab oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau kho lub xeev oxidation ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav suav nrog kev siv cov tshuaj txo lossis oxidizing xws li sodium borohydride, lithium aluminium hydride, chromic acid, thiab lwm yam.
Tom qab ua tiav kev tsim kho ntawm cov saw hlau sab thiab cov pab pawg ua haujlwm, peb xav tias qhov nruab nrab ze rau cov qauv ntawm adrenaline tau txais. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv ntxiv lossis kev ua kom huv tuaj yeem xav tau rau qhov nruab nrab no kom tau txais qhov kawg adrenal ketone hydrochloride.
[Hypothetical Adrenal Ketone Intermediate] → Adrenaline + byproducts
Adrenaline + HCl → Adrenal ketone hydrochloride + H2O
Nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam no hypothetical, peb thawj zaug hloov cov nruab nrab mus rau hauv adrenaline los ntawm ib co txhais tau tias (tejzaum nws hydrolysis, txo, los yog lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv). Tom qab ntawd, adrenaline reacts nrog hydrochloric acid los tsim adrenaline hydrochloride thiab dej. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb synthesis, cov kauj ruam no yuav koom nrog ntau cov kauj ruam thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
kev phiv tshuaj
Adrenalone Hydrochloride, raws li ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj sympathomimetic, feem ntau yog siv kho mob rau hauv zos hemostasis, vasoconstriction, thiab pab kho qhov muag dilation. Nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li adrenaline, tab sis nws cov nyhuv excitatory ntawm lub plawv tsis muaj zog. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj muaj kev nyab xeeb siab thaum siv tshuaj pleev ib ce, tseem muaj ntau yam kev phiv tshuaj, npog ntau qhov ntev xws li kev khaus hauv zos, kev tsis haum tshuaj, thiab cov teebmeem ntawm lub plawv. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim yog ze ze rau qhov ntau npaum li cas, txoj kev ntawm kev tswj hwm, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm tus neeg mob.
Feem ntau cov kev phiv tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv thov hauv zos: feem ntau yog khaus thiab cov ntaub so ntswg
Feem ntau siv cov kev tswj xyuas kev kho mob rau adrenaline hydrochloride yog cov tshuaj pleev ib ce (xws li daim tawv nqaij thiab mucous membrane hemostasis) thiab ocular instillation (xws li auxiliary mydriasis). Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev phiv hauv zos yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, thiab lawv feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev txhawb nqa ncaj qha ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv zos lossis vasoconstrictive los ntawm cov tshuaj. Feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me thiab thim rov qab, tab sis cov teeb meem loj tseem yuav tsum tau saib xyuas.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv zos hauv daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous membranes: nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau dua 15%, feem ntau yog khaus khaus
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo tshaj plaws tom qab siv tshuaj hauv zos ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis cov mucous membrane yog cov tsos mob ntawm qhov khaus hauv zos, nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm li 15% -25%. Cov manifestations tshwj xeeb yog raws li nram no:
Tom qab cov tshuaj tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij thiab mucous daim nyias nyias, nws muaj peev xwm ua rau lub zos capillary constriction thiab ua kom cov hlab ntsha xaus, ua rau ib tug luv luv redness, kub hnyiab, los yog stinging hnov ntawm qhov chaw tshuaj. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim 5-10 feeb tom qab noj tshuaj, thiab cov neeg mob feem ntau tuaj yeem txo nws tus kheej hauv 30 feeb yam tsis muaj kev kho tshwj xeeb.
Lub sij hawm ntev los yog rov siv cov tshuaj hauv tib cheeb tsam (xws li cov tawv nqaij mob hemostasis) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov qog sebaceous hauv cov tawv nqaij hauv zos, ua rau cov tawv nqaij ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab ua rau cov tawv nqaij qhuav thiab ntxhib ntawm qhov chaw siv tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, scaling tej zaum yuav tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus uas muaj tawv nqaij qhuav los yog cov neeg uas tau pw nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev lub sij hawm.
Cov neeg mob me me (kwv yees li 2% -5%) tuaj yeem pom cov xim pigmentation ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj 1-2 lub lis piam tom qab siv, pom tau tias tsaus nti ntawm cov tawv nqaij xim (xim av lossis lub teeb dub), uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm melanocytes txhawb nqa los ntawm cov tshuaj. Pigmentation feem ntau yog ib ntus thiab tuaj yeem maj mam txo qis 1-3 lub hlis tom qab txiav cov tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov neeg mob uas muaj cov tawv nqaij ncaj ncees lossis cov xim tsis zoo ntawm cov metabolism (xws li melasma), lub sijhawm daws teeb meem yuav raug ncua mus rau ntau tshaj 6 lub hlis.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv zos hauv ob lub qhov muag: Ceev faj txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm pob txha raug mob
Thaum siv adrenaline hydrochloride tee rau hauv lub qhov muag, cov tshuaj ncaj qha ua rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub qhov muag, thiab cov kev tsis zoo tshwm sim feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm 8% -18%. Qee qhov kev tshwm sim tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov pom thiab xav tau kev saib xyuas ze:
Tom qab cov tshuaj infusion, qhov ncaj qha stimulation ntawm lub pob txha epithelium los ntawm cov tshuaj yuav ua rau cov neeg mob muaj ib tug luv luv stinging sensation, nrog rau qhov tsis xis nyob ntawm "lub cev txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau lub qhov muag", uas feem ntau kav rau 10-20 vib nas this ua ntej relieving; Yog hais tias qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj yog tsawg dhau thaum lub sij hawm dripping (xws li siv nws ncaj qha tom qab tub yees), cov tsos mob ntawm khaus khaus yuav pom tseeb dua. Nws raug nquahu kom tawm hauv cov tshuaj tov rau hauv chav tsev kub ua ntej dripping.
Conjunctival congestion los yog edema
Cov neeg mob me me (kwv yees li 3% -7%) tuaj yeem muaj qhov mob me me (qhov muag liab ntawm lub qhov muag dawb) los yog conjunctival edema (o ntawm lub qhov muag dawb) 1-2 teev tom qab noj tshuaj, uas cuam tshuam rau ob qho tib si ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm cov hlab ntsha conjunctival - pib vasoconstriction nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm rebound. Yog hais tias congestion los yog edema tshwm sim rau ntau tshaj 24 teev, txiav txim siab txiav cov tshuaj kom tsis txhob ua rau lub qhov muag ocular nto.
Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo hauv cheeb tsam ntawm qhov muag tshuaj, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm 1% -3%, feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog ntau npaum li cas (xws li ntau tshaj 2 tee ib koob) lossis ntau zaus ntawm cov tshuaj (xws li 1 poob ib teev). Lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub pob txha los ntawm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav tsis txaus rau lub pob txha ntawm lub pob txha, ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag ntawm lub qhov muag (tshwj xeeb yog qhov muag tsis pom kev thiab photophobia). Yog tias cov tshuaj tsis raug tso tseg rau lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob pob txha thiab txawm cuam tshuam rau qhov muag. Cov ntaub ntawv kho mob qhia tau hais tias kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj pob txha epithelial raug mob tuaj yeem rov zoo tag nrho hauv 1-2 lub lis piam tom qab txiav cov tshuaj thiab tau txais cov kua muag dag li kev kho mob ntxiv, tsuas yog qee qhov mob hnyav uas yuav tsum tau kho pob txha epithelial kho.
Cov lus nug nquag
Dab tsi tshwj xeeb pharmacological zog nws cov qauv molecular nyob ntawm adrenaline thiab ephedrine?
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Nws yog structurally ib ketone analogue ntawm adrenaline thiab ib qho ortho hydroxylated analogue ntawm ephedrine. Qhov no tso cai rau nws khaws qee yam ntawm nws cov kev ua haujlwm sympathomimetic (vasoconstriction), tab sis nws tsis yooj yim metabolized los ntawm catechol-O-methyltransferase thiab monoamine oxidase, thiab nws cov nyhuv yuav ntev dua - kav ntev, tab sis nws cov txiaj ntsig tsis muaj zog thiab nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua rau excite 2 receptors.
Vim li cas nws tsis tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb txawm tias siv los ua "tus neeg sawv cev hauv zos hemostatic" hauv ophthalmology thiab otolaryngology?
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Nws cov nyhuv me me alpha adrenergic excitatory tuaj yeem cog lus rau cov hlab ntsha mucosal kom ua tiav hemostasis, tsis muaj kev mob plawv muaj zog ntawm adrenaline. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tsis muaj zog, muaj peev xwm ua kom khaus hauv zos, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb hemostatic (xws li norepinephrine thiab thrombin), nws raug tshem tawm.
Vim li cas nws thiaj li tau kawm los ua ib qho tshuaj loog hauv zos rau cov tshuaj yeeb dawb, thiab nws lub peev xwm sib koom ua ke yog dab tsi?
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Raws li ib tug vasoconstrictor, nws yuav ncua sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub zos lub sij hawm ntawm yeeb tshuaj yeeb thiab qeeb nws cov nqus, li no pab txhawb thiab prolonging cov tshuaj loog cov nyhuv, thaum theoretically txo cov kab mob toxicity thiab quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Tab sis vim yog kev tswj hwm thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab nws tus kheej, txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau raug tso tseg.
Dab tsi tshwj xeeb kev ruaj ntseg lossis cov teeb meem solubility ua nws "hydrochloride" daim ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thaum ntxov?
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Cov ntsev hydrochloride txhim kho nws cov dej solubility thiab crystallinity, ua kom yooj yim los tsim cov tshuaj ruaj khov lossis cov tshuaj pleev xim. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, kev tsim ntsev pab tiv thaiv oxidative degradation ntawm ketone thiab catechol cov qauv, uas yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom siv raw khoom ruaj khov hauv cov kws tshuaj thaum ntxov.
Cim npe nrov: adrenalone hydrochloride cas 62-13-5, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom