Nystatin, Cas1400-61-9, Cov Qauv Molecular C47H75No17, yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob polyene. Daj ntseg daj lossis lub teeb xim av hmoov; Nws muaj noo noo wicking zog thiab lub grain aroma. Tsis ruaj khov nyob rau hauv xwm, tsis tshua muaj neeg me ntsis soluble hauv dej, me ntsis soluble hauv ethanol thiab methanol, sib xws solublix. Raug rau cua sov, lub teeb, huab cua, lossis dej noo tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo. Ruaj khov nyob rau hauv me ntsis alkaline media, tsis ruaj khov ntawm Ph 9-12. Polyaldehyde nysttin sodium ntsev yog soluble hauv dej. Xyoo 1950, nws tau pom tias cov av microorganism deptectyces siv tau cov tshuaj uas tau tawm tsam pwm, yog li nrhiav pom cov tshuaj tua kab mob thawj zaug tiv thaiv cov pwm. Nystin muaj ib txoj kev sib txuas nrog polyene macrocyclic lactone qauv, uas tuaj yeem inhibit txoj haujlwm ntawm fungi thiab mosses, tab sis tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob.
Peb Cov Khoom
Nystatin coa
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Tshuaj Cov Qauv |
C47h7h75No17 |
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Muaj pes tsawg leej |
925.50 |
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Molecular hnyav |
926.11 |
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m/z |
25.50 (100.0%), 926.51 (50.8%), 927.51 (12.6%), 927.51 (3.5%), 928.51 (1.8%), 928.51 (1.2%) |
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Kev Ntsuam Xyuas |
C, 60.96; H, 8.16; N, 1.51; O, 29.37 |
Raws li kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob polyene,nystatinmuaj cov kev ua antifungal tshwj xeeb. Hauv cov teb kho mob, nws yog feem ntau yog siv los kho cov kab mob fungal hauv lub plab thiab tawv nqaij, thiab muaj ntau yam ntawm cov ntawv thov kev cia siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov kev siv kuj ntsib qee qhov kev cov nyom, suav nrog cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab teeb meem tiv thaiv. Los ntawm kev ua tsis tu ncua cov tshuaj thiab kev siv tshuaj kho mob, peb tuaj yeem kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Kho Mob ntawm Nysttin
Penicillin muaj ntau cov kev siv hauv kev kho mob teb, tsuas yog siv los kho cov kab mob fungal hauv lub plab thiab tawv nqaij.
(1) Cov kab mob fungaltings:
Kev tswj hwm ntawm ntawm Nysttin tuaj yeem siv los kho cov mob fungalinetinal, xws li fungal Gastritis hauv nqaij qaib thiab cov qaib ntxhw pub mis cov hnab. Tsis tas li ntawd, mis sured perfalus kuj tseem ua tau rau mastitis tshwm sim los ntawm aspergillus thiab tricyderma.
(2) Cov tawv nqaij tawv nqaij:
Sab nraud daim ntawv thov ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem siv los kho cov tawv nqaij fungal, thiab siv tau rau nqaij qaib ua rau los ntawm aspergonia fumigatus.
(3) ob npaug kab mob:
Lub sij hawm ntev siv ntawm Broad - Cov tshuaj tua kab mob kuj yuav ua rau muaj kab mob fungience, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob antifungal kuj muaj cov kev kis tus mob.
Tshawb nrhiav thiab cov ntawv thov ntawm nano fungicide
Daim ntawv thov ntawm Nanotechnology hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muab cov peev xwm tshiab rau kev kho kab mob antifungal. Nano myCotoxin ntau yam kev cuam tshuam tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob cell phab ntsa, thiab inhibing protein synthesis.
1. Tshuaj tua kab mob:
Nanomycin tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cell membrane thiab daim ntawv pores, ua rau cov kab mob uas tsis txaus ntseeg, cuam tshuam cov kab mob ntawm lub tsev sab nrauv, ua rau kev tuag ntawm tes. Ntxiv rau, nano myCotoxin tseem tuaj yeem sau cov kab mob hlwb thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob tseem ceeb, ua rau cov kab mob uas tseem ceeb, yog li inhibiting cell faib thiab kev loj hlob.
2. Kev xaiv thiab tsim ntawm Nanocarriers:
Kev xaiv thiab tsim ntawm Nanocarrior yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov solubility, ruaj khov, thiab kev tso tawm cov kev tso cai ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antifungal. Hom Nanocarrior muaj xws li liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, hlau nanopartles, carbon nanotubes, thiab inorganic nanoparticles. Los ntawm kev xaiv thiab tsim nanocarrient muaj peev xwm, cov kev ua tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm Nysttin tuaj yeem txhim kho.
3. Lub hom phiaj xa khoom:
Nanotechnology encapsulates Nysttin hauv nanocarriers, txhim kho kev ruaj khov thiab txo qhov tsis muaj kev sib tw toxicity. Lub hom phiaj xa khoom zoo txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kev ua tau zoo thiab txo cov kev lom zem ua kom ncaj qha los ntawm kev xa khoom ncaj qha rau tus mob kis tus mob. Cov tswv yim hloov kho deg thiab cov tswv yim kev ua haujlwm nquag tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib txuam ntawm nanomaterials rau cov hlwb tshwj xeeb lossis pathogens.
Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawmnystatinyog ib txoj kev nyuaj thiab cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo nkauj, npog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom muag kawg, txhua qhov yog qhov ua tau zoo thiab tawm los ntawm cov khoom kawg.
Cov kws tshawb nrhiav ua tib zoo xaiv cov kev xaiv siab - tawm thiab tsis ruaj khov streptomyces tau txais cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv microbial. Cov hom kab no tau dhau los ntau cov puag ncig ntawm kev yug me nyuam thiab purification kom paub meej lawv siab- tawm yam ntxwv thiab genetic ruaj. Cov kauj ruam no yog lub hauv paus ntawm fungal ntau lawm, thiab tsuas yog xaiv los ntawm kev xaiv cov kauj ruam zoo tuaj yeem tso rau txheej txheem tom ntej.
Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tsis muaj zog, cov kws tshawb nrhiav yuav tso tawm cov sporant spores mus rau sterilized slant kab lis kev cai nruab nrab. Los ntawm kev cog qoob loo tsim nyog xws li qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lub teeb, cov spores tau germinate thiab loj hlob txaus mycelium. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kauj ruam ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog kom tau txais ib tug txaus ntawm Hypease los muab cov khoom siv acoculum txaus rau kev sau qoob loo tom ntej.
Hloov cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab uas tau ua haujlwm txaus thiab loj hlob txaus rau hauv lub noob tank, thiab txhawb nqa microbial proliferation los ntawm kauj ruam {{1}-}} kauj ruam nthuav kev sau qoob loo qauv. Thaum lub sij hawm lub noob qoob loo sau qoob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog tswj kev cog qoob loo cov xwm txheej, ETCE, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem loj tuaj yeem loj tuaj thiab muaj cov pa roj ntsha kom zoo li qub thiab ua kom muaj cov pa roj ntsha tuaj yeem loj tuaj. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog kom tau txais cov microbial cov microbial los muab cov tshuaj loj rau tom ntej - nplai fermentation.
Kauj ruam no yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov nystatin. Inoculate cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab uas tau undergone noob sau qoob thiab sau cov biomass txaus rau hauv lub tank fermentation. Los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov fermentation tej yam kev mob xws li kub, pawj nqi, doorring ceev, thiab lwm yam kev loj hlob thiab cov synthesis ntawm nystin. Qhov fermentation kev voj voog yog feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 360-380 teev, thaum lub sijhawm kuaj thiab ntsuas cov ntsiab lus xws li fermentation broth yog yuav tsum saib xyuas cov txheej txheem fermentation thiab ua kom muaj kev hloov kho tshiab.
Lub fermentation broth yuav tsum tau kho. Firstly, kho cov pH nqi ntawm fermentation broth kom hloov mus rau tom qab extraction. Tom qab ntawd, impurities thiab microbial hlwb nyob rau hauv fermentation broth raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev pom, centrifugation, thiab lwm txoj kev kom tau txais cov ntshiab fermentation broth. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog kom tshem tawm impurities uas cuam tshuam rau tom qab extraction thiab kho cov txheej txheem, thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev coj dawb huv.
Extraction thiab Refining yog ib qho ntawm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov kuab tshuaj ntxiv thiab lwm cov hau kev siv los rho tawm cov fermal extract los ntawm fermal fungal extract cov khoom lag luam xws li crystallization thiab ziab. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsis txaus thiab cov kuab tshuaj los ntawm fermentation broth, thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab zoo ntawm cov khoom.
Kev ntsuas nruj ua tau zoo yog ua rau cov khoom siv thiab ua kom zoo nkauj cov khoom lag luam, suav nrog kev coj dawb huv, txwv, thiab lwm yam ntsuas. Tsuas yog cov khoom lag luam uas ua tau raws cov qauv ua tau zoo tau raug tso cai ntim thiab khaws cia. Thaum lub sijhawm ntim khoom ntim, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav kom muaj kev sib khi thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom los txuas nws lub txee ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua kom nws muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm zoo thaum siv.
Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm nystatin yog ib txoj kev nyuaj thiab cov txheej txheem nruj heev uas yuav tsum tau tswj hwm cov mob thiab cov qauv kev khiav haujlwm ntawm txhua qhov txuas. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ua tau zoo ntawm txhua kauj ruam tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo kom tau raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev kho mob.
Nystatinyog cov tshuaj tua kab mob polyene nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj zog. Nws qhov kev tshawb pom thiab cov keeb kwm kev thov tuaj yeem raug xa rov qab mus rau xyoo 1950, thaum cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias cov kab mob antsei tuaj yeem pib ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm thawj tus kab mob. Penicillin, nrog nws cov lus tshwj xeeb conjugated polyene mactrocyclic lactone qauv, cov khoom pov thawj muaj zog muaj zog rau cov kab mob fungi thiab fungi, tab sis tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob.
1. Cov yam ntxwv yooj yim ntawm Nysttin
Nws yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob polyene nrog cov kab mob sib txuas nrog txoj cai polyene macrocclic lactone qauv. Cov qauv no ua rau nws khi nrog cov stergs ntawm cov kab mob fungal cell, ua rau cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tes thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kab mob ntawm tes, yog li ua tsis tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tes. Penicillin tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob siab tawm tsam Candida hom, suav nrog cryptococcus, Microsderma, aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus nidulans, thiab trichbyton.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Nysttin yog lub teeb daj lossis lub teeb xim av, nrog hygroscopicity thiab lub grain aroma. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov khoom tsis ruaj khov, me ntsis soluble hauv dej, me ntsis soluble hauv ethanol thiab methanol, thiab qhov tseeb soluble matrices. Raug rau cua sov, lub teeb, huab cua, lossis dej noo tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo. Nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv me ntsis alkaline tshaj tawm, tab sis tsis ruaj khov ntawm Ph 9-12.
2. Kev ua lag luam thiab noj ntawm penicillin
Kev lag luam loj ntawm Nysttin yog tas li nthuav, thiab nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj {}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Daim ntawv thov tau nce ntxiv.
1. Kev ua lag luam loj:
Xyoo 2021, kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tau kwv yees li ntawm mycotoxins yog kwv yees li 2.9 billion US las, thiab nws yuav tsum ncav cuag ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm 528, nrog ib qho kev cai lij choj Asmeskas nyiaj (Cagram ntawm 6.5%. Xyoo 2021, North America muaj nyiaj rau cov kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb mycotoxin kev ua lag luam (45%), tom qab los ntawm Tebchaws Europe (20%) thiab Asia Pacific cheeb tsam (20%).
2. Kev sib tw ua lag luam:
Cov neeg koom nrog tseem ceeb hauv kev ua lag luam Nystati suav nrog kev sib tw, kev tsim kho ntawm nystati los ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab txhim kho cov foos siv yeeb tshuaj kom tau txais cov lag luam sib faib.
3. Cov neeg tau txais kev pab cuam:
Kev tau noj ntawm nystati yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam los ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog kev socieconomic xwm txheej, cov neeg ua neej, cov pej xeem muab, thiab cov hnub nyoog. Cov teb chaws nrog cov pej xeem loj dua ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj ntau dua ntawm nystati vim tias cov tub ntxhais hluas nyiam noj cov zaub mov ua tiav thiab cov khoom noj ceev, uas muaj nystati. Cov teb chaws nrog cov neeg laus loj muaj qis dua kev noj ntawm myCotoxins vim tias cov laus muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj zaub mov zoo thiab txo qis cov zaub mov ua kom zoo thiab txo qis cov zaub mov tiav.
Cim npe nrov: Nystatin CAS 1400-61-9, cov chaw muag khoom, chaw tsim khoom, chaw tsim khoom, lag luam, yuav, nqe, loj, loj, rau muag