Trimethyl Phosphate, tseem hu ua triethyl phosphate, yog ib qho tseem ceeb organic phosphorus compound nrog cov tshuaj formula C₃H₉O₄P los yog (CH₃O)₃P=O. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws feem ntau tshwm raws li ib tug tsis muaj xim pob tshab kua nrog ib tug faint tsw thiab zoo solubility ntawm dej thiab kev sib nrig sib solubility nrog organic solvents. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj muaj xws li methylating reagent, nplaim hluav taws, thiab polar non-polar hnyav hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm cov organic synthesis, nws muaj peev xwm muab methyl pawg rau lub hom phiaj molecules thiab feem ntau yog siv los npaj tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab intermediates; Raws li cov nplaim hluav taws kub, nws ua rau cov khoom siv yas thiab cov khoom siv los ntawm cov pa roj -theem nplaim hluav taws xob retardation mechanism; thiab nyob rau hauv lithium-ion roj teeb electrolytes, nws tau kawm raws li cov nplaim hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los txhim kho roj teeb kev nyab xeeb. Txawm hais tias nws muaj ntau yam kev siv, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws muaj qee yam toxicity thiab tej zaum yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuas cua nruj thiab kev tiv thaiv thaum muaj kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj.
|
Tshuaj Formula |
C3H9O4P |
|
Exact Mass |
140 |
|
Molecular Luj |
140 |
|
m/z |
140 (100.0%), 141 (3.2%) |
|
Elemental Analysis |
C, 25.72; H, 6.48; O, 45.69; P, 22.11 |
Trimethyl Phosphate, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb organic compound. Nws muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb thiab lub cev, uas ua rau nws siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw. Hauv qab no yog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws txog nws lub hom phiaj:
Daim Ntawv Thov Hauv Kev Siv Tshuaj thiab Tshuaj tua kab
Triethyl phosphate feem ntau yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj hauv kev tsim tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj synthesis, ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj tshwj xeeb los xyuas kom meej qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab purity ntawm cov khoom. Triethyl phosphate muaj solubility zoo thiab muaj peev xwm yaj ntau yam organic tebchaw, yog li nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj synthesis tshuaj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas nruab nrab ntawm qee cov tshuaj, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj los txhawb kev sib cuag thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj reactants, yog li txhim kho cov tshuaj tua kab ntau lawm, trimethyl phosphate kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov kuab tshuaj kom yaj cov khoom xyaw nquag thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab. Nws tuaj yeem pab cov tshuaj tua kab tawg thiab yaj zoo dua, txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev siv tshuaj tua kab. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj kom sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab hauv kev tsim, yog li txhim kho kev tswj cov tshuaj tua kab.
Raws li ib tug extractant
Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua cov kuab tshuaj, trimethyl phosphate kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov extractant rau kev sib cais thiab ua kom huv lub hom phiaj los ntawm kev sib tov. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab, feem ntau yuav tsum tau muab cov khoom xyaw tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Triethyl phosphate muaj kev xaiv zoo thiab muaj peev xwm extraction, uas tuaj yeem xaiv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurities.Piv txwv li, hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj rho tawm, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv los rho cov khoom nrog cov nqi tshuaj los ntawm cov nroj tsuag rho tawm. Nws tuaj yeem tsim ib txoj hauv kev nrog lub hom phiaj compound, yog li ua tiav qhov kev sib cais ntawm lub hom phiaj compound los ntawm lwm yam khoom. Hauv kev tsim tshuaj tua kab, trimethyl phosphate kuj tuaj yeem siv los rho tawm cov khoom xyaw nquag ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv, txhim kho cov khoom purity thiab zoo.
Daim Ntawv Thov Hauv Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Organic Synthesis
Hauv cov organic synthesis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev nce qib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tiam ntawm cov khoom. Raws li cov kuab tshuaj organic, trimethyl phosphate muaj qhov zoo solubility thiab ruaj khov, thiab tuaj yeem yaj ntau cov organic tebchaw, muab qhov chaw tsim nyog rau cov organic synthesis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.Piv txwv li, hauv qee cov organic synthesis xws li esterification thiab condensation, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj los txhawb kev sib cuag thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov reactants. Nws tuaj yeem txo cov viscosity ntawm cov reactants, nce lawv cov diffusion tus nqi, thiab yog li ceev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub caij no, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem ua kom ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab, thiab txhim kho cov purity thiab tawm los ntawm cov khoom.
Raws li ib tug catalyst
Triethyl phosphate kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tus catalyst hauv qee cov organic synthesis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev nce qib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txo qhov ua kom lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab nce cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, hauv qee qhov kev cuam tshuam polymerization, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm los txhawb cov monomer polymerization thiab tsim kom muaj qhov hnyav molecular polymers. Tsis tas li ntawd, trimethyl phosphate kuj tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog lwm cov catalysts los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm catalytic. Piv txwv li, hauv qee qhov kev tawm tsam oxidation, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog kev hloov pauv hlau catalysts los txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm cov organic tebchaw thiab tsim cov khoom siv oxidation.
Triethyl phosphate nws tus kheej muaj ester pawg, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev esterification hauv qee qhov kev cuam tshuam esterification. Nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv esterification nrog cawv sib txuas los tsim cov ester sib txuas. Piv txwv li, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cawv xws li methanol thiab ethanol los tsim cov tshuaj ester xws li dimethyl phosphate thiab diethyl phosphate.Cov ester compounds no muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv cov organic synthesis, tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, dimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj, plasticizer, thiab lwm yam; Diethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv los ua roj additive, lubricant additive, thiab lwm yam.
Daim ntawv thov hauv Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb
Triethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv los ua reagent rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm zirconium. Kev txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus hlau hauv analytical chemistry yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov haujlwm xws li cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig. Triethyl phosphate tuaj yeem tsim cov complexes ruaj khov nrog zirconium ions, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm zirconium tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ncaj qha los ntawm kev ntsuas cov khoom ntawm cov complexes.Piv txwv li, hauv qee qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam ore, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv complexation ntawm trimethyl phosphate thiab zirconium ions tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab zirconium cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ore siv txoj hauv kev xws li trophic phosphate. Txoj kev no muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov siab rhiab heev thiab kev xaiv zoo, thiab tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm zirconium.
Raws li cov kuab tshuaj thiab extractant
Nyob rau hauv analytical chemistry, trimethyl phosphate kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov extractant rau cov qauv ua ntej thiab sib cais. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qee qhov kev kuaj ib puag ncig, cov qauv yuav muaj ntau yam hlau ions thiab cov organic tebchaw uas yuav tsum tau muab cais thiab ua kom muaj zog. Triethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv los ua cov extractant los xaiv cov phiaj hlau ions lossis cov organic tebchaw, yog li ua tiav cov qauv sib cais thiab ua kom zoo dua qub.Meanwhile, trimethyl phosphate tseem tuaj yeem ua cov kuab tshuaj kom yaj qee cov ntsiab lus uas nyuaj rau yaj hauv dej, muab qhov chaw tsim nyog rau kev soj ntsuam thiab kev txiav txim siab tom ntej. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam ntawm qee cov organic pollutants, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj kom yaj cov organic pollutants, thiab tom qab ntawd txheeb xyuas thiab txiav txim siab siv txoj hauv kev xws li roj chromatography thiab kua chromatography.
Triethyl phosphate kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov roj chromatography nyob ruaj khov. Gas chromatography yog cov txheej txheem kev sib cais uas feem ntau siv los ntawm kev sib cais, siv dav hauv cov haujlwm xws li chemistry, biology, thiab ib puag ncig. Tsau kua yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj chromatography, uas tuaj yeem xaiv adsorb thiab desorb Cheebtsam hauv cov qauv, yog li ua tiav cov khoom sib cais.Triethyl phosphate, raws li cov roj chromatography nyob ruaj ruaj, muaj kev sib cais zoo thiab ruaj khov. Nws muaj peev xwm cais ntau yam organic tebchaw, xws li cawv, aldehydes, ketones, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam ntawm ib co volatile organic tebchaw, trimethyl phosphate yuav siv tau raws li ib tug roj chromatography nyob twj ywm theem kom tiav kev sib cais thiab quantitative tsom xam ntawm volatile organic tebchaw.
Daim Ntawv Thov Hauv Lwm Qhov Chaw
Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm lithium{0}} roj teeb ion hauv thaj chaw xws li tsheb hluav taws xob thiab lub zog cia, kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov roj teeb tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas. Triethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv los ua cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntxiv rau lithium-ion roj teeb los txhim kho lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb. Thaum lub roj teeb muaj kev txawv txav xws li overheating lossis luv luv Circuit Court, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem decompose los tsim cov roj uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob, txo cov nplaim taws, thiab yog li txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm roj teeb hluav taws thiab tawg. Lub caij no, trimethyl phosphate kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm cov roj teeb, ua rau lawv lub neej voj voog thiab kev ua haujlwm tawm.
Ua ib qho hnyav rau cov xim, txheej, thiab cov yas & Ua ib qho ntxiv rau lubricating roj thiab hluav taws kub retardant
Triethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau cov xim, coatings, thiab cov yas los txhim kho lawv cov flowability thiab processability. Hauv kev tsim cov xim thiab cov txheej txheem, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem ua kom tawg tau zoo dua thiab yaj cov xim thiab cov resins, txhim kho qhov zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov xim thiab txheej. Hauv kev tsim cov yas, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj los txhawb kev molding thiab ua cov yas. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev tsim ntawm ib co polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau cov yas kom zoo dua nrog PVC resin, txhim kho qhov yooj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov yas.
Triethyl phosphate kuj tseem siv tau los ua ib qho ntxiv hauv lubricants thiab hluav taws kub retardants. Hauv cov roj lubricating, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv -oxidation thiab tiv thaiv- coj cov khoom ntawm cov roj lubricating, thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm cov roj lubricating. Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke nrog lwm cov khoom siv ntxiv hauv cov roj lubricating los tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv, txo kev hnav thiab kev sib txhuam ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab. Hauv hluav taws kub retardants, trimethyl phosphate tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm nplaim taws. Nws tuaj yeem decompose los tsim cov tshuaj xws li phosphoric acid, txhawb kev tsim cov pa roj carbon txheej, thiab tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm nplaim taws. Lub caij no, trimethyl phosphate kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo cov viscosity ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hluav taws, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tua hluav taws thiab cov nyhuv hluav taws kub ntawm tus neeg tua hluav taws.
Cov txheej txheem hluavtaws ntawmtrimethyl phosphate:
1. Phosphorus oxychloride reacts nrog methanol nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm potassium carbonate los tsim nws. Ib txhij hnov mob los tsim dimethyl phosphate potassium ntsev, ces hnov mob nrog dimethyl sulfate los tsim nws. Cov khoom nyoos ntawm nws yog ntxuav nrog dej, decolorized, dehydrated thiab distilled nyob rau hauv txo siab kom tau cov khoom tiav. Cov khoom siv raw quota: phosphorus oxychloride 1094kg / t, methanol 686kg / t.
2. Ntxiv methanol thiab potassium carbonate rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub lauj kaub, txias rau 5 degree, pib ntxiv phosphorus oxychloride dropwise, khaws qhov kub hauv qab 30 degree, tom qab 2h dropwise, do rau 0.5h, thiab tswj tus nqi pH ntawm 7-8; Tom qab ntawd ntxiv dimethyl sulfate, rov ua dua methanol rau 3 teev, tom qab ntawd txias cov khoom hauv lub lauj kaub kom qis dua 20 degree, ntxiv carbon tetrachloride rau lim, ntxuav lub ncuav mog qab zib lim nrog me me ntawm carbon tetrachloride, muab cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab lim, thiab rov qab tetrachloride carbonized, thiab distilled hauv qab txo kom tau cov khoom nyoos. Ntxiv dej distilled thiab activated carbon rau cov khoom crude, ntxiv anhydrous potassium carbonate rau lub cev qhuav dej tom qab pom, thiab thaum kawg tau txais cov khoom los ntawm distillation nyob rau hauv lub siab txo.
Kev tsim khoom ntawm nws feem ntau muab faib ua ob hom: ib qho yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawmtrimethyl phosphatetau los ntawm formaldehyde los ntawm chloroform, thiab lwm yam yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm nws tau los ntawm chloral los ntawm chloroform, nyob rau hauv formaldehyde Qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog chloral yuav tsum tau siab tshaj 100 degrees Celsius, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Australian yuav tsum tau rhuab mus rau 150 degrees Celsius. Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li thaum muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv decomposition hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ntxiv cov stabilizer los tiv thaiv cov decomposition ntawm cov reactant.
Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm nws feem ntau yog tsom rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub thiab ruaj khov ntau lawm. Cov txheej txheem txhim kho yog siv qis- qhov ntsuas kub los txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub rau 50-60 degrees Celsius, uas tuaj yeem txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob ntau thiab nce cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws. Lwm cov txheej txheem txhim kho yog siv photocatalyst, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv decomposition hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog li ua kom cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, microwave technology lossis ionizing hluav taws xob tshuab kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub, yog li ua kom cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm nws. Hauv ib lo lus, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom ib txwm yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Cov kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis kuj tseem txhim kho tas li. Kev sib xyaw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm siv nrog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tsim khoom ntawm trimethyl phosphate, yog li ua kom cov lag luam xav tau.
trimethyl phosphate(Tshuaj formula: (CH3O) 3PO), raws li qhov yooj yim trialkylphosphate, plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov organic chemistry thiab kev siv hauv kev lag luam. Txij li thaum nws nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, qhov no tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab kua compound tau txais kev saib xyuas tas li vim nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov nqi siv ntau heev. Triethyl phosphate tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho qauv molecule rau kev kawm cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov organic phosphorus tebchaw, tab sis kuj plays lub luag hauj lwm irreplaceable nyob rau hauv nplaim hluav taws cov ntaub ntawv, cov kuab tshuaj, extractants, thiab organic synthesis intermediates.
Nyob rau hauv 1811, Fabkis chemist Thenard thawj zaug qhia txog kev tsim ntawm esters los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm phosphoric acid nrog ethanol, uas yog suav hais tias yog pib ntawm organophosphate chemistry. Hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom ntau yam alkyl phosphate esters, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv tseeb ntawm trimethyl phosphate tsis tshwm sim txog thaum nruab nrab xyoo pua 19th.
Nyob rau hauv 1847, German chemist Lub yim hli ntuj Wilhelm von Hofmann thawj cais thiab piav txog trimethyl phosphate thaum kawm txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm methanol thiab phosphorus pentoxide. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv Journal of the German Chemical Society, Hofmann tau piav qhia txog lub cev ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab no, suav nrog nws qhov tshwj xeeb solubility thiab volatility.
Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov organic qauv txoj kev xav, ntau chemists mob siab rau lawv tus kheej rau elucidating tus qauv ntawm trimethyl phosphate. Nyob rau hauv 1873, Lavxias teb sab chemist Alexander Mikhailovich Zaitsev tau lees paub los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj degradation thwmsim hais tias lub compound nrhiav tau los ntawm Hofmann yog ib tug tag nrho esterified khoom tsim los ntawm peb pawg methyl thiab phosphoric acid. Cov txheej txheem synthesis nyob rau lub sijhawm no tsuas yog tso siab rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ncaj qha ntawm methanol nrog phosphorus pentoxide lossis phosphoryl chloride, uas tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thiab ntau yam los ntawm - khoom.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas txoj kev, cov qauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm trimethyl phosphate tau nkag mus rau theem tshiab. Xyoo 1905, British chemist Thomas Martin Lowry thawj zaug txiav txim siab qhov hnyav molecular ntawm trimethyl phosphate siv cov txheej txheem khov, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo sib xws nrog cov txiaj ntsig theoretical, muab cov pov thawj tseem ceeb rau kev lees paub nws cov mis molecular. Hauv xyoo 1920, daim ntawv thov ntawm X-ray diffraction thev naus laus zis tau ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb los kawm txog kev teeb tsa molecular ntawm trimethyl phosphate ntau intuitively.
Nyob rau hauv 1935, American chemist Linus Pauling nrhiav pom nyob rau hauv nws kev tshawb fawb hais tias phosphorus oxygen daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv trimethyl phosphate molecules muaj ib feem ob daim ntawv cog lus, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog cov hluav taws xob qauv ntawm phosphate tebchaw. Pauling txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias phosphorus atom hauv trimethyl phosphate txais sp3 hybridization, tsim sigma bonds nrog peb pawg methoxy thiab d π - p π bonds nrog oxygen atoms. Cov qauv hluav taws xob no piav qhia txog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm trimethyl phosphate.
Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, kev siv tub rog ntawm infrared spectroscopy thiab Raman spectroscopy thev naus laus zis txhawb kev kawm txog kev vibrational spectra ntawm trimethyl phosphate. Xyoo 1943, Asmeskas kws tshuaj Richard C. Tswv xub qhia txog qhov ua tiav infrared spectrum ntawm trimethyl phosphate, muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev soj ntsuam cov qauv tom ntej. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm nuclear magnetic resonance thev naus laus zis hauv xyoo 1950 tau ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb los kawm txog cov qauv molecular thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm trimethyl phosphate kom raug.
Txoj kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm trimethyl phosphate tau dhau los ua ntau yam kev tsim kho tshiab. Kev tsim khoom thaum ntxov (1920-1940) feem ntau yog siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm methanol thiab phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3), uas tau ua kom zoo los ntawm German chemist Gerhard Schrader hauv xyoo 1927. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau qeeb qeeb ntxiv ntawm methanol ntawm qhov kub qis (0-5 degree), thiab 75%. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no ua rau muaj ntau qhov corrosive hydrogen chloride los ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab xav tau cov cuab yeej siv siab.
Hauv xyoo 1950, Monsanto, ib lub tuam txhab Asmeskas, tau tsim cov txheej txheem esterification ncaj qha ntawm methanol thiab phosphorus pentoxide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua raws li qhov mob me me (60-80 degree), siv cov kuab tshuaj inert kom txo cov kev mob tshwm sim, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau nce mus rau ntau dua 85%. Cov kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem no tseem yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no. Nyob rau xyoo 1960, cov kws tshawb fawb Nyij Pooj tau tsim cov txheej txheem roj-theem catalytic esterification, uas ua rau cov tshuaj methanol nrog phosphoric acid nyob rau hauv cov roj theem nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm alumina catalyst, ua tiav cov khoom tas mus li.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, lub tswv yim ntawm ntsuab chemistry tau txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov txheej txheem synthesis ntawm trimethyl phosphate. Hauv xyoo 2008, Suav Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb tau tsim cov txheej txheem ionic kua catalytic kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntau dua (ntawm chav tsev kub), thiab cov catalyst tuaj yeem rov ua dua. Xyoo 2015, BASF, lub tuam txhab German, tau tshaj tawm cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas tshiab raws li cov tshuaj methanol supercritical, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua qub thaum txo kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tsim khoom pov tseg.
FAQ
1. Dab tsi yog daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm triethyl phosphate?
Nws cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb suav nrog: ua cov tshuaj methylating reagent thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav hauv cov organic synthesis; ua haujlwm raws li cov nplaim hluav taws xob zoo, siv hauv cov yas, resins thiab lithium-ion roj teeb electrolytes; thiab siv los ua cov extractant lossis stabilizer hauv qee thaj chaw.
2. Nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws yog ib tug tsis muaj kob thiab pob tshab kua nrog ib tug faint tsw. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau miscible nrog dej thiab feem ntau cov organic solvents. Nws cov ntsiab lus kub kub yog qhov siab (kwv yees li 197 degree) thiab nws cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj zog kuj zoo.
3. Dab tsi yuav tsum tau sau tseg thaum siv triethyl phosphate?
Vim nws muaj peev xwm toxicity rau lub paj hlwb, kev tiv thaiv nruj yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm (xws li fume hoods, hnab looj tes, thiab tsom iav), thiab kev nqus pa los yog kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav tsum zam. Thaum khaws cia, nws yuav tsum tau muab kaw thiab khaws cia kom deb ntawm qhov chaw sov thiab oxidants.
Cim npe nrov: Trimethyl phosphate CAS 512-56-1, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom