Somatostatin Peptide

Shaanxi BLOOM Tech Co., Ltd. yog ib qho ntawm cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov muag khoom ntawm somatostatin peptide hauv Suav teb. Txais tos rau cov lag luam wholesale bulk zoo somatostatin peptide rau muag ntawm no los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Kev pabcuam zoo thiab tus nqi tsim nyog muaj.

Somatostatin Peptide, Suav lub npe yog somatostatin, uas yog cyclic polypeptide hormone muaj li ntawm 14 amino acids. Nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb yog qhov muaj cov ntawv cog lus disulfide tsim los ntawm ob qho cysteine ​​residues, tsim kom muaj lub voj voog ruaj khov. Somatostatin yog dav faib nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus paj hlwb (xws li thalamus), peripheral paj hlwb (xws li plab hnyuv, txiav), thiab ntau yam endocrine ntaub so ntswg, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb cov tshuaj hormones tswj nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nws siv ntau yam kev tswj hwm lub cev los ntawm kev khi rau somatostatin receptor (SSTR1-5). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, los ntawm inhibiting qhov tso tawm ntawm gastrin los ntawm gastric antral G hlwb thiab histamine los ntawm plab hnyuv chromaffin hlwb, kev ua haujlwm ntawm parietal hlwb yog ncaj qha inhibited, yog li txo cov kua qaub kua qaub.

Somatostatin COA

Somatostatin Peptide, raws li classic neuropeptide thiab neuromodulator, feem ntau yog qhia los ntawm SST ⁺ neurons, uas suav txog li 30% ntawm GABAergic interneurons, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus paj hlwb (CNS). Nws feem ntau co tso tawm nrog GABA thiab kho kom haum rau kev tswj hwm kev txwv ntau dhau los ntawm tsib G protein ua ke receptors (SSTR1-5). Piv nrog rau nws qhov zoo-paub cov ntawv thov hauv thaj chaw endocrinology thiab kev zom zaub mov, lub luag haujlwm ntawm SST hauv lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb tau raug kwv yees ntev ntev. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev tshawb fawb txiav tawm tau nthuav tawm tias SST ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm neural circuits, kev paub thiab kev nco encoding, kev tswj tsis zoo ntawm kev xav thiab kev ntxhov siab, tiv thaiv cov kab mob neurodegenerative, mob neuropathic, glial cell tiv thaiv kab mob, qaug dab peg network homeostasis, thiab lwm yam obsicure teb. Nws yog feem ntau tsis yog classical inhibitory cuam tshuam, voj kev cai tshwj xeeb, thiab cross cell hom teeb liab hloov, uas txawv ntawm cov tshuaj neurotransmitter ua haujlwm.

Cellular thiab Loop Mechanisms ntawm Somatostatin hauv Central Nervous System

Dendritic tsom inhibition ntawm SST ⁺ interneurons: meej qhov rooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xav tau

 

Tsoos GABAergic interneurons (xws li PV ⁺) feem ntau yog tsom rau lub cev neuronal cell thiab proximal dendrites, ua kom sai thiab dav inhibition; Thiab SST interneurons muaj qhov tshwj xeeb anatomical lub hom phiaj - tshwj xeeb innervating lub distal dendrites thiab dendritic spines ntawm excitatory pyramidal neurons (PNs), thiab qhov "dendritic inhibition" yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas tsis tshua pom.

Peripheral inhibition thiab perceptual nce kev tswj nyob rau hauv lub sensory cortex: Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm pom, auditory, thiab somatosensory cortices, SST ⁺ neurons tsim ib tug "ib puag ncig suppression nyhuv" los ntawm inhibiting lub distal dendrites ntawm thalamocortical inputs, uas txhim kho cov lus teb ntawm neurons mus rau lub hauv paus lim tawm irrel, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm stimulation. sensory redundant cov ntaub ntawv.

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv thaj tsam V1 ntawm qhov muag pom cortex, SST ⁺ neurons inhibit lub cell lub cev inhibition ntawm PV ⁺ interneurons, ua tiav "disinhibition effect", nthuav tawm cov lus tawm tswv yim nqis los ntawm qhov siab dua -txoj kev cortex, txhim kho qhov pom kev sib txawv thiab qhov pom tau zoo. Qhov no "inhibition disinhibition" txoj cai bidirectional ua rau SST tsis yog tsuas yog inhibit neural kev ua si, tab sis yog ib qho "qhov rooj meej" rau kev hnov ​​​​lus cov ntaub ntawv, txiav txim siab seb cov ntaub ntawv twg tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov chaw paub txog qib siab.

Cortical qeeb nthwv dej thiab NREM pw tsaug zog pib txoj cai: SST ⁺ neurons yog lub hauv paus tsav tsheb ntawm lub qhov muag tsis nrawm (NREM) pw tsaug zog qeeb yoj (0.5-4Hz) ntau lawm. Thaum SST ⁺ neurons tau qhib, daim nyias nyias muaj peev xwm hloov pauv ntawm synchronous cortical pyramidal neurons raug cuam tshuam los ntawm dendrites, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm qeeb qeeb thiab ntev NREM pw tsaug zog ntev.

Cov txheej txheem no tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev cai pw tsaug zog ib txwm muaj xws li adenosine thiab melatonin, thiab yog qhov tsis ntev los no nrhiav pom lub hom phiaj rau kev tswj kev pw tsaug zog - SST ua tiav kev tswj hwm kev pw tsaug zog zoo los ntawm kev tswj hwm cortical network synchronization es tsis cuam tshuam rau lub chaw pw tsaug zog hypothalamic.

Lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb kev cai ntawm synaptic plasticity: Kev ua kom ntawm ST ⁺ neurons tso siab rau siab -frequency burst firing, tso SST tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm siab -frequency neuronal activation, yog li tshwj xeeb regulating ntev -term inhibition (LTD) es tsis ntev - (LTP potentiation). Hauv thaj av hippocampal CA1, SST ua rau sab hauv kho cov poov tshuaj channel (GIRK) los ntawm SSTR2, hyperpolarizing postsynaptic neurons, thaiv NMDA receptor dependent LTP, thiab txhim kho AMPA receptor endocytosis, inducing dendritic tshwj xeeb LTD.

Qhov no "siab-frequency dependence, dendritic targeting" plasticity regulation ua rau SST ib tug niche molecular hloov rau lub cim xeeb clearing, tsis nco qab, thiab synaptic pruning, zam lub network teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau heev synaptic li.

Kev tswj hwm kev sib tw ntawm tes: SST's immune neural bidirectional regulation ntawm microglia thiab astrocytes

 

SST receptors tsis yog tsuas yog qhia nyob rau hauv neurons, tab sis kuj qhia tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv microglia (SSTR2/3/4) thiab astrocytes (SSTR1/2), kho cov kev cai tsis pom zoo ntawm neural tiv thaiv kab mob, uas tau raug overlooked kiag li nyob rau hauv ib txwm kev tshawb fawb.

Induction ntawm anti-inflammatory polarization nyob rau hauv microglia: SST activates Gi/o signaling txoj kev ntawm microglia los ntawm SSTR4, inhibits lub NF - κ B thiab MAPK inflammatory pathways, txo cov kev tso tawm ntawm pro-inflammatory yam (TNF -), IL-9} 6, los tiv thaiv- cov kab mob inflammatory (IL-10, TGF - ), polarizing microglia los ntawm pro-mob M1 hom rau anti-inflammatory M2 hom. Tsis zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ib txwm muaj, kev tswj hwm ntawm SST muaj lub hlwb thaj tsam tshwj xeeb - nws tsuas yog ua hauv thaj chaw paub txog lub hlwb xws li hippocampus thiab cortex, tsis cuam tshuam rau peripheral tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab zam kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev.

Txhim kho glutamate thauj hauv astrocytes: SST txhawb kev qhia ntawm GLT-1 glutamate transporter hauv astrocytes los ntawm SSTR1, ua kom cov synaptic clearance ntawm glutamate thiab inhibiting excitotoxicity. Hauv kev mob vwm thiab mob hlwb ischemia, SST tuaj yeem txo qhov tso tawm ntawm glutamate los ntawm overactivation ntawm astrocytes, thaiv lub voj voog tsis zoo ntawm "glutamate tsub zuj zuj ntawm neuronal puas glial activation", uas yog qhov tsis pom tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov neuroprotection.

Lub niche ua haujlwm sib txawv ntawm receptor subtypes: lub luag haujlwm tsis yog endocrine ntawm SSTR1/4

 

Kev faib tawm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm SST5 receptors nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb yog qhov sib txawv heev, ntawm cov uas SSTR1 thiab SSTR4 tsis tshua koom nrog peripheral hormone inhibition thiab tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv lub hauv paus paj hlwb.
SSTR4: Tsuas yog SST receptors uas tsis tau txais kev kho mob sai, kho kom haum xeeb ntev -ntev inhibitory, analgesic, thiab antidepressant teebmeem.

Nyob rau hauv lub dorsal horn thiab anterior cingulate cortex ntawm tus txha caj qaum, SSTR4 activation inhibits calcium influx rau nociceptive neurons thiab blocks mob neuropathic mob signaling; Nyob rau hauv lub nucleus accumbens (Hb), SSTR4 mediates antidepressant signaling thiab sai thim rov qab kev nyuaj siab zoo li tus cwj pwm thaum ua haujlwm.

SSTR1: Nws yog tsuas yog qhia nyob rau hauv hippocampus thiab cortex, thiab tshwj xeeb tswj cov kev ua ntawm enkephalinase (NEP). Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm SSTR1 thiab SSTR4 tuaj yeem txhim kho NEP kev qhia, ua kom lub zog ntawm - amyloid protein (A), thiab yog lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv kab mob Alzheimer's (AD).

SSTR2: Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws receptor nyob rau hauv lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, kho cov mob dendritic suppression, tswj kev qaug dab peg, thiab microglial los tiv thaiv - mob, tab sis overlapping nrog peripheral teebmeem, nws tsis yog lub hom phiaj niche.

Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj:

1. PMC, Lub luag haujlwm ntawm neuropeptideSomatostatin Peptidenyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev kho mob neurological ntshawv siab, 2025
2. Phau ntawv Journal of Neuroscience, Somatostatin thiab Somatostatin-Containing Neurons in Shaping Neuronal Activity and Plasticity, 2026
3. Biology Insights, SST Neurons: Kev Pom Zoo Tshiab Rau Neurocircuit Regulation, 2025
4. Kev sib txuas lus lom neeg, somatostatin induced tswj ntawm microglial kev ua si pab txo cov kab mob pathological ntawm Alzheimer's kab mob, 2026
5. Xwm, Ib lub xovtooj ntawm - hom- tshwj xeeb Circuit Court ntawm somatostatin neurons hauv habenula encodes antidepressant kev ua, 2025

Kev kho mob ntawm somatostatin hauv cov kab mob hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb

Cov kab mob neurodegenerative: tsis pom kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm AD thiab Parkinson's disease (PD)

Alzheimer's tus kab mob: ob qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Kev tshem tawm thiab kho cov kab mob neural (qhov kev cog lus tshaj plaws thiab lub hom phiaj rau kev hloov pauv)
Kev xaiv poob ntawm SST ⁺ neurons nyob rau hauv lub hippocampus thiab temporal lobe cortex ntawm cov neeg mob AD nce mus txog 40% -60%, thiab SST qib tau txo qis, uas yog qhov zoo sib xws nrog rau qib ntawm kev paub tsis meej. Qhov kev tiv thaiv niche ntawm SST tau cuam tshuam hauv peb yam:

Txhawb A degradation: Los ntawm synergistically upregulating hippocampal enkephalinase (NEP) los ntawm SSTR1 / SSTR4, soluble A monomers thiab oligomers yuav degraded sai, txo amyloid plaque deposition. Cov kev sim tsiaj tau pom tias SST analogs tuaj yeem txo qhov A load hauv lub hlwb ntawm AD nas los ntawm ntau dua 50% thiab txhim kho kev nco zoo.

Reversing synaptic poob: SST kho qhov puas cortical hippocampal voj nyob rau hauv AD los ntawm dendritic inhibition, txo qhov txawv txav overexcitation, restores synaptic plasticity, thiab thim rov qab cov kab mob ntawm "synaptic dysfunction cognitive poob".
Inhibition of neuroinflammation: Anti inflammatory polarization ntawm me me glial cell SSTR4 txo cov mob neuroinflammation induced los ntawm A thiab tiv thaiv cholinergic neurons.

Tam sim no, SSTR1/4 dual agonists tau nkag mus rau Phase II preclinical trials for Alzheimer's disease. Piv nrog rau cov tshuaj A antibodies ib txwm muaj, lawv muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov molecules me me, nkag tau yooj yim los ntawm cov ntshav - hlwb teeb meem, tsis muaj hlwb edema, thiab tus nqi qis.

Parkinson tus kab mob: inhibition ntawm alpha synuclein aggregation thiab alleviation ntawm lub cev muaj zog teeb meem

Cov theem ntawm SST hauv substantia nigra thiab striatum ntawm PD cov neeg mob txo qis, thiab kev poob ntawm SST ⁺ neurons tshwm sim synchronously nrog kev tuag ntawm dopaminergic neurons. Cov txheej txheem tsis sib xws: SST inhibits excitation ntau dhau ntawm striatal spiny neurons (MSNs) los ntawm SSTR2, txo glutamate tso tawm, thiab suppresses misfolding thiab aggregation ntawm alpha synuclein;

Ib txhij alleviating dyskinesia (LID) tshwm sim los ntawm levodopa txoj kev kho - los ntawm kev tswj qhov txawv txav ntawm lub voj voog thalamocortical thiab txo qis kev txav txav, cov nyhuv no yog ywj siab ntawm txoj kev dopamine.

Neuropsychiatric disorders: Loop tswj ntawm schizophrenia, kev nyuaj siab, thiab PTSD

Schizophrenia: Kho qhov qis - zaus oscillations thiab twv twv coding tsis raug. Cov neeg mob uas muaj tus mob schizophrenia tau txo qis SST ⁺ neurons nyob rau hauv prefrontal thiab temporal lobes, nrog SST theem txo los ntawm 30% -50%, ncaj qha ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv θ (4-7Hz) thiab δ (0.5-4Hz) low-frequency oscillations ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no nco tsis txaus hauv schizophrenia (kev tshawb fawb ib txwm tsuas yog tsom rau PV ⁺ neurons thiab oscillations).

Lub luag haujlwm niche ntawm SST: kho qis- zaus synchronization ntawm cortical cortical tawm tswv yim loops, txhim kho kev twv txiaj encoding muaj nuj nqi (lub hlwb lub peev xwm los kwv yees cov ntaub ntawv yav tom ntej), thiab txo cov tsos mob tseem ceeb xws li kev hnov ​​​​lus thiab kev paub tsis meej. Cov kev sim tsiaj tau pom tias ua kom muaj SST ⁺ neurons tuaj yeem thim rov qab kev hnov ​​​​qab qhov tsis xws luag thiab kev ua haujlwm nco tsis zoo hauv tus qauv schizophrenia, nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev puas siab puas ntsws.

Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj:

1. PMC,Somatostatin Peptide: Txuas Kev Paub Txog thiab Kab Mob Alzheimer rau Kev Kho Mob Lub Hom Phiaj, 2025
2. Xinhua News Agency, Kev tshawb fawb tshiab pom lub hom phiaj tshiab rau kev tsim tshuaj Alzheimer's kab mob, 2025
3. PMC, Lub Luag Haujlwm rau Somatostatin-Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Zoo hauv Neuro-Oscillatory thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Ua Haujlwm Tsis Zoo hauv Schizophrenia, 2026
4. Xwm, Ib lub xovtooj ntawm - hom- tshwj xeeb Circuit Court ntawm somatostatin neurons hauv habenula encodes antidepressant kev ua, 2025
5. MDPI, Tus cwj pwm ntawm Neurons Qhia Txog Novel Analgesic Drug Target Somatostatin Receptor 4, 2026
6. PMC, Txheeb xyuas qhov kev kuaj mob, kev kuaj mob, thiab kho lub peev xwm ntawm somatostatin / cortisatin system hauv glioblastoma, 2026

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