Chloramine-T, tseem hu ua N-chlorotriphenylmethylhypochlorite, yog ib hom oxidant thiab chlorinating tus neeg sawv cev. Cov tsos yog dawb mus rau lub teeb daj hmoov hmoov nrog hygroscopicity. Nws qhov hnyav molecular yog 290.5, CAS 127-65-1, thiab cov mis mos molecular yog C19H16ClNO2. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev soluble nyob rau hauv dej, nrog ib tug solubility ntawm txog 76 g / 100 mL dej, thiab tso tawm ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tshav kub. Nws kuj tseem yooj yim soluble hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li ethanol, chloroform, thiab acetone. Nws muaj acidity tsis muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem ionize hydrogen ions hauv dej, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kua qaub. Meanwhile, nws kuj muaj zog alkalinity thiab tuaj yeem txais hydroxide ions. Chloramine t qauv yog ib tug dimer tsim los ntawm triphenylmethylhypochlorite ions thiab chloride ions, muaj xws li ib tug benzene nplhaib thiab chlorine atoms. Nws yog ib qho muaj zog oxidizing thiab chlorinating tus neeg sawv cev uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox nrog ntau yam tshuaj. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj xws li acids thiab bases. Chloramine t siv, raws li ib qho oxidant thiab chlorinating tus neeg sawv cev, tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox nrog ntau yam tshuaj. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj xws li acids thiab bases. Nws muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam. Hauv kev lag luam, nws yog siv los npaj lwm cov organic tebchaw, oxidants, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tseem siv rau hauv thaj chaw xws li tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab.
(Cov khoom txuas: https://www.bloomtechz.com/chemical-reagent/indicator-reagent/chloramine-t-powder-cas-127-65-1.html)
Chloramine T yog cov organic compound uas muaj cov ntsiab lus xws li chlorine, nitrogen, oxygen, thiab sulfur, nrog rau cov mis molecular ntawm C7H7ClNNaSO2. Cov molecule no muaj qee cov tshuaj lom neeg lom zem, thiab cov hauv qab no yog kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm nws cov qauv molecular:
Carbon hydrogen molecular qauv: Cov qauv molecular ntawm chloramine T yog raws li cov pa roj carbon hydrogen molecular, muaj 7 carbon atoms, 7 hydrogen atoms, thiab 1 chlorine atom. Cov pa roj carbon atoms txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm ib qho kev sib cog lus, tsim ib lub voj voog ruaj khov.
Nitrogen atom: Nyob rau hauv chloramine T molecule, nitrogen atom nyob rau ntawm hydrocarbon skeleton thiab tsim peb covalent bonds nrog ob carbon atoms thiab ib hydrogen atom. Cov qauv no muab nitrogen atoms siab reactivity thiab tso cai rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog rau lwm cov molecules los yog ions.
Chlorine atom: Chlorine atom yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm chloramine T molecule, uas tsim cov ntawv cog lus nrog cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm cov pob txha hydrocarbon. Lub xub ntiag ntawm chlorine atoms endows chloramine T nrog oxidizing thiab bactericidal zog.
Oxygen thiab sulfur atoms: Hauv chloramine T molecule, oxygen thiab sulfur atoms tsim covalent bonds nrog carbon atoms ntawm cov pa roj carbon carbon monoxide, feem. Cov atoms no yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas ua rau oxidizing thiab sulfonic pawg hauv chloramine T molecule.
Sodium atom: Hauv chloramine T molecule, sodium atom tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic nrog oxygen atom, ua chloramine T dej-soluble thiab conductive.
Cov qauv molecular ntawm chloramine T txiav txim siab nws ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev siv. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ntau cov organic tebchaw los tsim cov khoom sib txuas, xws li quaternary ammonium ntsev, tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab, dyes, thiab txuj lom. Lub caij no, chloramine T kuj muaj oxidizing thiab bactericidal zog, uas yuav siv tau raws li ib tug tshuaj tua kab mob thiab fungicide los tiv thaiv tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Tsis tas li ntawd, chloramine T kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho nruab nrab hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm lwm cov tshuaj, rau kev sib xyaw ntawm qee cov organic peroxides thiab tshuaj. Cov khoom siv tshuaj sib txawv thiab kev siv no ua rau chloramine T muaj cov ntawv thov dav dav hauv kev lag luam xws li chemical engineering, tshuaj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb.
Chloramine T yog cov organic compound uas muaj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv reactive, feem ntau yog oxidation, txo, hydrolysis, hloov, ntxiv, thiab lwm yam. Hauv qab no, peb yuav muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb ntawm chloramine T thiab nws cov tshuaj sib xws. kev sib npaug.
1. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis ntawm chloramine T yog ib qho ntawm nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Thaum chloramine T reacts nrog dej, nws tsim ammonium diacetate thiab HCl. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig acidic, feem ntau siv acetic acid ua catalyst. Cov tshuaj sib npaug rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem qhia tau tias: 2NH4Cl (s) + CH3COOH (aq) → (CH3COO) 2NH2 (aq) + 2HCl (aq).
2. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation
Chloramine T muaj oxidizing zog thiab tuaj yeem oxidize qee cov organic tebchaw. Piv txwv li, chloramine T tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov cawv cawv los ua cov tshuaj aldehyde. Cov tshuaj sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem qhia tau tias:
R-OH+2ClNH2 + 2HClO → R-CHO + 2HCl + 2NH4Cl.
3. Txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
Chloramine T tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li tus neeg sawv cev txo. Piv txwv li, chloramine T tuaj yeem txo qis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov pab pawg tsis muaj zog xws li nitro thiab carboxyl pawg hauv qee cov organic tebchaw, tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw amine lossis cawv. Cov tshuaj sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem qhia tau tias: R-NO2 + 2ClNH2 + HCl → R-NH2 + 2HCl + N2.
4. Hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
Chloramine T tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog hydrogen atoms hauv qee cov organic tebchaw, tsim cov amine compounds. Piv txwv li, chloramine T tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog phenol los tsim phenoxyamine. Cov tshuaj sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem qhia tau tias: C6H5OH + ClNH2 → C6H5-ONH2 + HCl.
5. Ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
Chloramine T tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntxiv nrog qee cov tshuaj tsis txaus ntseeg, xws li olefins, alkynes, thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv no feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig alkaline, thiab cov khoom tshwm sim nyob ntawm seb cov substrate siv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, chloramine T tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv nrog ethyl acrylate rau daim ntawv - Chloroamides. Cov tshuaj sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem qhia tau tias: CH2=CH-COOEt + ClNH2 → CH2=CH-CO-NH-CH3 + HCl.
6. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov ntsev hlau
Chloramine T tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog qee cov hlau ntsev los ua cov sib txuas nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, chloramine T tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog nyiaj nitrate los ua ammonium chlorosilver, uas yog ib qho oxidizing heev. Cov tshuaj sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem qhia tau tias: ClNH2 + AgNO3 → AgCl (s) + NH4NO3.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, chloramine T muaj ntau yam reactive zog thiab muaj peev xwm hnov mob nrog ntau yam organic thiab inorganic tebchaw los tsim ib tug series ntawm pab tau. Cov tshuaj sib npaug rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no nyob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov substrate siv.